CASE NO#2- PERIODIC INVENTORY SYSTEM - INVENTORY VALUATION METHODS Pardo, a chain of "general merchandise stores" and the largest of its type in UAE. The company follows Perpetual Inventory System. Th
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a) Cost of goods sold: 44,820 OMR; Ending inventory value: 14,700 OMR (calculated using the Weighted Average Method with periodic inventory system).
a) To compute the cost of goods sold using the Weighted Average Method, we need to calculate the weighted average cost per unit. We first determine the total cost of goods available for sale by summing the opening inventory and purchases. Then we calculate the weighted average cost per unit by dividing the total cost by the total quantity available for sale. Multiplying the weighted average cost per unit by the quantity sold gives us the cost of goods sold. The ending inventory value is calculated by multiplying the remaining quantity of inventory by the weighted average cost per unit.
b) Journal entries:
- January 6:
Inventory - Dr: 78,400 OMR
Accounts Payable - Cr: 78,400 OMR (record the purchase of 4,700 units at 16 OMR per unit)
- January 11:
Inventory - Dr: 56,000 OMR
Accounts Payable - Cr: 56,000 OMR (record the purchase of 3,500 units at 16 OMR per unit)
- January 12:
Inventory - Dr: 79,900 OMR
Accounts Payable - Cr: 79,900 OMR (record the purchase of 4,700 units at 17 OMR per unit)
- January 20:
Inventory - Dr: 32,400 OMR
Accounts Payable - Cr: 32,400 OMR (record the purchase of 1,800 units at 18 OMR per unit)
- January 22:
Inventory - Dr: 28,500 OMR
Accounts Payable - Cr: 28,500 OMR (record the purchase of 1,500 units at 19 OMR per unit)
- January 9:
Cost of Goods Sold - Dr: 23,800 OMR
Inventory - Cr: 23,800 OMR (record the sale of 1,400 units)
- January 14:
Cost of Goods Sold - Dr: 40,000 OMR
Inventory - Cr: 40,000 OMR (record the sale of 2,500 units)
- January 24:
Cost of Goods Sold - Dr: 8,400 OMR
Inventory - Cr: 8,400 OMR (record the sale of 700 units)
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The complete question is: CASE NO#2- PERIODIC INVENTORY SYSTEM - INVENTORY VALUATION METHODS
Pardo, a chain of "general merchandise stores" and the largest of its type in UAE. The company follows the Perpetual Inventory System. The company furnishes the following information for the month of January 2022: (Please find attached)
You are required to compute:
a) The amount of Cost of goods sold and Ending Inventory Value based on Weighted Average Method using periodic inventory system.
b) Prepare the Journal entries based on Weighted Average Method using periodic inventory system.
Related Questions
Strategic management often borrows lessons as well as metaphors from classic military strategy. For example, major business decisions are often categorized as "strategic" while more minor decisions (such as small changes in price or the opening of a new location) are referred to as "tactical" decisions. Discuss two (2) selected examples of classic military strategies that hold insights for strategic decisions today.
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Strategic management, like military strategy, provides a systematic approach for developing and executing plans. Military strategy is centered on various tactics, techniques, and procedures that are aimed at defeating the enemy while strategic management is aimed at creating a sustainable competitive advantage that is based on exploiting the company’s core competencies and creating value for its customers.
Sun Tzu's "The Art of War" is a Chinese military treatise that is more than 2,500 years old. It presents a system for winning battles that is centered on strategic and tactical maneuvering. For instance, Sun Tzu argues that successful generals should always aim to deceive their opponents and keep them guessing.
Blitzkrieg was a German military tactic used during World War II that involved quick, unexpected attacks to disrupt enemy defenses and gain territory. In a business context, this tactic can be seen as creating rapid innovation and launching products or services that revolutionize an industry.
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Contract demands between CAC and IBEW Company.
Defend your position as IBEW representative for the case.
Summarize IBEW's position in the case.
List five reasons for each contract demand where items are not negotiable and discuss reasons.
As an IBEW Representative, preparesummary of provisions of a labor agreement and detail support for your positions for the union and management.
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As an IBEW representative, I will defend the position of the union in the case. IBEW's position is to negotiate a fair labor agreement that protects the rights and interests of the workers. We seek to secure better wages, improved working conditions, job security, fair treatment, and opportunities for professional development.
IBEW's position in the case is to advocate for the rights and well-being of the workers represented by the union. Here are five reasons for each contract demand where items are not negotiable, along with explanations:
Wages: The union believes that fair wages are essential to recognize the value of the workers' skills and contributions. It ensures a decent standard of living, motivates employees, and attracts and retains skilled workers.
Working conditions: IBEW insists on negotiating improved working conditions to ensure a safe and healthy environment for the workers. This includes addressing issues such as safety protocols, equipment maintenance, and adequate rest periods.
Job security: The union seeks to establish provisions that protect workers from arbitrary termination and ensure that layoffs are conducted fairly and based on objective criteria. Job security provides stability for workers and their families.
Fair treatment: IBEW demands that all employees be treated fairly and without discrimination. This includes provisions against harassment, equal opportunities for promotions and career advancement, and protection of workers' rights to representation and due process.
Professional development: The union recognizes the importance of ongoing training and development opportunities for workers. Negotiating provisions for professional growth and skill enhancement ensures that workers can stay competitive in the industry and adapt to changing technologies and practices.
In summary, as an IBEW representative, I will work to secure a labor agreement that prioritizes fair wages, improved working conditions, job security, fair treatment, and professional development opportunities for the workers. These demands are crucial to safeguard the rights and interests of the union members and promote a healthy and productive working environment.
IBEW's position in the case is centered around advocating for the workers' rights and interests. By negotiating for fair wages, improved working conditions, job security, fair treatment, and professional development opportunities, the union aims to create a labor agreement that ensures the well-being and prosperity of the workers it represents.
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12. Where is the beginning inventory figure found on the work sheet? 13. Why is the inventory figure in the trial balance section of the work sheet dif- ferent from the inventory figure in the balance sheet section of the work sheet? 14. How is the ending inventory determined? 15. What is the general journal entry to set up the new inventory value at the end of the fiscal period? 16. What is the general journal entry to close the beginning inventory? 17. How is the inventory adjustment shown on the work sheet? 18. What are the major differences between a work sheet for a service business and a work sheet for a merchandising business? 19. How would your answers to questions 15, 16, and 17 change if your firm used an acceptable alternative method of adjusting merchandise inventory?
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The Trial Balance section usually contains the inventory figure. Due to accounting period modifications, the trial balance inventory value may differ from the balance sheet inventory amount.
These modifications could include inventory purchases, sales, returns, and other changes in inventory value. At the end of the fiscal year, a physical count and cost or market value valuation define the ending inventory. At the end of the fiscal period, the general journal entry to set the new inventory value would debit the Inventory account and credit an applicable account like Cost of Goods Sold or Purchases, depending on the accounting system.
To transfer the beginning inventory value to the Income Summary account, debit the Income Summary account (or Retained Earnings) and credit the Beginning Inventory account.
The worksheet shows inventory adjustments by adjusting inventory accounts in the Trial Balance section and reporting the modified balances in the Balance Sheet section.
Merchandising business worksheets include inventory-related accounts including Purchases, Sales, and Cost of Goods Sold. A merchandising company's inventory valuation and cost of goods sold computations are unique.
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More consumption rather than investment leads to stagnant growth in developing countries. True or False
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The statement "More consumption rather than investment leads to stagnant growth in developing countries" is True. This is because consumption is a result of investment and investment results in an increase in production capacity.
In contrast, high consumption and low investment result in increased imports and, therefore, a larger trade deficit that can ultimately lead to slower economic growth in the long run.In developing countries, consumption and investment play a vital role in the country's economic development. Consumption is the spending of money by households on goods and services, while investment is the spending of money by firms to increase their capital stock.
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Glasgow plc has an investment in one company, Dundee Ltd. Glasgow plc acquired four million ordinary shares in Dundee Ltd on 1 January 2021 in a share exchange. One new ordinary share in Glasgow plc was issued for every two ordinary shares in Dundee Ltd acquired. The market price of one new Glasgow plc share at that date was £4. The share issue transaction has not yet been recorded in the draft financial statements of Glasgow plc. The draft summarised statements of financial position of the two companies at 31 March 2021 are shown below: Glasgow plc £ Dundee Ltd £ ASSETS Non-current assets 2,600,000 6,000,000 Property, plant and equipment Intangible assets 3,000,000 5,600,000 6,000,000 Current assets Inventories 3,000,000 4,000,000 Trade receivables 5,300,000 1,400,000 Cash and cash equivalents 300,000 600,000 8,600,000 6,000,000 Total assets 14,200,000 12,000,000 EQUITY AND LIABILITIES Equity Ordinary share capital (£1 shares) 8,000,000 5,000,000 Retained earnings (2,600,000) 4,200,000 Total equity 5,400,000 9,200,000 Non-current liabilities Provisions 3,900,000 1,000,000 Current liabilities Trade and other payables 4,900,000 1,800,000 Total equity and liabilities 14,200,000 12,000,000 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (1) Dundee Ltd's profit for the year to 31 March 2021 was £3.2 million. Profits accrued evenly over the year. No dividends were paid or proposed during the period. (2) Glasgow plc prefers to measure goodwill and the non-controlling interest using the fair value method. The fair value of the non-controlling interest at 1 January 2021 was £2,100,000. Following the annual impairment review of goodwill at 31 March 2021 an impairment loss of £100,000 needs to be recognised in respect of Dundee Ltd. (3) The fair value of the assets and liabilities of Dundee Ltd at 1 January 2021 was the same as their carrying amount with the following exceptions: The fair value of brands not previously recognised has been quantified at £400,000. Glasgow plc's management are of the opinion that these brands have an indefinite life. At the year end the recoverable amount of the brands was assessed at £360,000. The fair value of inventory was £200,000 greater than its carrying amount. One fifth of this inventory remained on hand at the year end. • The allowance for receivables was understated by £300,000. This allowance was also still required at the year end. Equipment had a fair value of £1 million in excess of its carrying amount. The remaining useful life of this equipment was five years at 1 January 2021. These fair values have not been recognised in the separate financial statements of Dundee Ltd. (4) Glasgow plc sold inventory with an invoice value of £900,000 to Dundee Ltd in February 2021. One quarter of the inventory remained in Dundee Ltd's factory at 31 March 2021. Glasgow plc calculates the transfer price of goods using a mark up of 50% on cost. (5) Glasgow plc has recently reached an agreement with HMRC regarding its tax payable for the year ended 31 March 2021. It has agreed to pay an additional £200,000 income tax. No liability for this amount has been included in the draft statement of financial position at 31 March 2021. (6) Glasgow plc raised a £250,000 invoice for intra group management fees due from Dundee Ltd on 25 March 2021. This invoice was not received by Dundee Ltd until 3 April 2021 and has not been included in Dundee Ltd's draft financial statements. Glasgow plc has included the amount due of £250,000 in trade receivables. There were no other outstanding balances between the two companies at 31 March 2021. REQUIRED: Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of Glasgow plc as at 31 March 2021.
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The consolidated statement of financial position of Glasgow plc as at 31 March 2021 shows total assets of £26.8 million and total liabilities of £17.3 million, resulting in total equity of £9.5 million.
The consolidation process involves combining the financial statements of Glasgow plc and Dundee Ltd. Glasgow plc acquired four million ordinary shares in Dundee Ltd through a share exchange, issuing one new ordinary share for every two Dundee Ltd shares acquired. The fair value method is used to measure goodwill and non-controlling interest. Additional adjustments include the recognition of an impairment loss for Dundee Ltd and fair value adjustments for brands, inventory, receivables, and equipment. Intra-group transactions such as inventory transfers and management fees are also considered. The consolidated statement of financial position reflects the impact of these transactions and adjustments, resulting in the presented figures.
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Pete borrows $15,000 to purchase a used car. He must repay the loan in 36 equal end-of-period monthly payments. Interest is calculated at 11/4% per month. Determine the following: (a) The amount of the monthly payment 88 (b) The nominal annual interest rate (c) The effective annual interest rate
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a) The amount of the monthly payment is $546.09.
To calculate the monthly payment, we can use the formula for calculating the payment on a fixed installment loan:
Monthly Payment = Loan Amount × (Monthly Interest Rate / (1 - (1 + Monthly Interest Rate)^(-Number of Payments)))
In this case:
Loan Amount = $15,000
Monthly Interest Rate = 11/4% = 0.11/4 = 0.0275
Number of Payments = 36
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Monthly Payment = $15,000 × (0.0275 / (1 - (1 + 0.0275)^(-36))) = $546.09 (rounded to two decimal places)
b) The nominal annual interest rate is 33%.
The nominal annual interest rate can be calculated by multiplying the monthly interest rate by the number of periods in a year:
Nominal Annual Interest Rate = Monthly Interest Rate × 12
In this case:
Monthly Interest Rate = 0.0275
Plugging in the values, we get:
Nominal Annual Interest Rate = 0.0275 × 12 = 0.33 or 33% (rounded to two decimal places)
c) To determine the effective annual interest rate, we need to consider the compounding frequency. Since the loan is repaid on a monthly basis, the effective annual interest rate will be calculated based on monthly compounding.
The formula to calculate the effective annual interest rate with monthly compounding is:
Effective Annual Interest Rate = (1 + Monthly Interest Rate)^12 - 1
In this case:
Monthly Interest Rate = 0.0275
Plugging in the value, we get:
Effective Annual Interest Rate = (1 + 0.0275)^12 - 1 = 0.351 or 35.1% (rounded to one decimal place)
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A consumer has a utility function over two goods x and y given by U(x, y) = x1/3,2/3 (a) Find the MRS of x for y given this utility function (b) As the ratio of x to y increases, what happens to the MRS? How does this relate to the convexity of indifference curves for this consumer? (c) Consider a different utility function U(x, y) = ln(x) + 2 ln(y) Show that this utility function has the same MRS as the original. Why do you think this is the case? (Hint: what happens if you take a log of the original utility function?) (d) Assume that the consumer has income I, the price of x is Px and the price of y is Py. Setup a Lagrangian for each of the two utility functions above. (e) Solve the Lagrangians to find the optimal choice of x and y as a function of prices and income (Marshallian demand). Show that both utility functions give the same solution. (f) What is the consumer's optimal choice if I = 120, Px = 2 and Py = 8?
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A) Find the MRS of x for y given the utility function U(x, y) = x^(1/3)*y^(2/3)The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) is the amount of a good that an individual is willing to give up to obtain one more unit of another good while holding utility constant. To find the MRS, the marginal utility of the numerator good is divided by the marginal utility of the denominator good, resulting in:
MRS = MUx/MUyMUx = ∂U/∂x = (1/3)x^(-2/3)*y^(2/3)MUy = ∂U/∂y = (2/3)x^(1/3)*y^(-1/3)MRS = MUx/MUy = ((1/3)x^(-2/3)*y^(2/3))/((2/3)x^(1/3)*y^(-1/3)) = (1/2) * x^(-1) * yB)
As the ratio of x to y increases, the MRS decreases. This is due to the concavity of the indifference curves, which are bow-shaped and become flatter as they move outward.
Indifference curves are concave because the MRS decreases as one moves down the curve, indicating that individuals need to be compensated with more of one good to give up one unit of another. C) Show that this utility function has the same MRS as the original. U(x, y) = ln(x) + 2 ln(y)MUx = ∂U/∂x = 1/xMUy = ∂U/∂y = 2/yMRS = MUx/MUy = (1/x) / (2/y) = y/(2x) = x^(-1) * yD) For the first utility function, the Lagrangian is L = x^(1/3)*y^(2/3) - λ(I - Px*x - Py*y)For the second utility function, the Lagrangian is L = ln(x) + 2ln(y) - λ(I - Px*x - Py*y)E) To obtain the Marshallian demands for x and y, differentiate the Lagrangians and set the first-order conditions to zero.
For the first utility function:∂L/∂x = (1/3)x^(-2/3)*y^(2/3) - λPx = 0∂L/∂y = (2/3)x^(1/3)*y^(-1/3) - λPy = 0∂L/∂λ = I - Px*x - Py*y = 0Solving this system of equations yields the following demand functions: x = (3/2) * (I/Px)^(3/2) * (Py)^(1/2) y = (3/4) * (I/Py)^(3/2) * (Px)^(-1/2)For the second utility function, the Lagrangian is:
L = ln(x) + 2ln(y) - λ(I - Px*x - Py*y)Taking the first-order conditions and solving for the Marshallian demand functions yields the following:
x = I/2Px y = I/4PyF) When I = 120, Px = 2, and Py = 8, the optimal choice of x and y can be calculated using the Marshallian demand functions derived earlier.
Using the demand functions for the first utility function, x = (3/2) * (I/Px)^(3/2) * (Py)^(1/2) = (3/2) * (120/2)^(3/2) * (8)^(1/2) = 180y = (3/4) * (I/Py)^(3/2) * (Px)^(-1/2) = (3/4) * (120/8)^(3/2) * (2)^(-1/2) = 22.11Using the demand functions for the second utility function, x = I/2Px = 120/4 = 30 y = I/4Py = 120/32 = 3.75
The consumer's optimal choice of goods is thus (180, 22.11) for the first utility function and (30, 3.75) for the second utility function.
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What is the difference between cost effectiveness in implementing a safety-based environmental standard and efficiency as the basis of setting the standard?
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The difference between cost effectiveness and efficiency in implementing a safety-based environmental standard lies in the focus and criteria used to set the standard.
Cost effectiveness refers to achieving a desired level of safety or environmental protection while considering the costs involved. It involves evaluating the costs and benefits of different approaches or technologies to determine the most efficient and cost-effective way to meet the standard. Cost effectiveness takes into account the trade-offs between the level of protection and the associated costs, aiming to achieve the best outcome within budgetary constraints.
Efficiency, on the other hand, focuses on maximizing the overall output or outcome while minimizing resource use. In the context of setting environmental standards, efficiency entails optimizing the allocation of resources to achieve the desired level of safety or environmental protection. It aims to minimize waste, reduce unnecessary costs, and ensure that resources are utilized in the most efficient manner possible.
In summary, cost effectiveness considers the balance between costs and benefits in achieving a standard, while efficiency emphasizes maximizing output or outcome with the available resources. Both approaches are important in decision-making regarding environmental standards, as they address different aspects of resource allocation and the desired level of environmental protection.
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Rundy Custom Homes was building a subdivision of new houses next to a stream. During the building process, pipes on the property discharged storm water with sediment into the stream. Is this legal? What statute applies? Who would be liable? What if the EPA fails to act ?
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Rundy Custom Homes was building a subdivision of new houses next to a stream. During the building process, pipes on the property discharged storm water with sediment into the stream. The citizen suit provision authorizes "any citizen" to bring a civil action against a person who is alleged to be in violation of an effluent standard or limitation under the Clean Water Act.
It is not legal to discharge storm water mixed with sediment into the stream. In the United States, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act prohibits the discharge of pollutants into the waters of the United States. The Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1251-1387, specifically regulates the discharge of storm water in accordance with the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program.
The statute that applies to this situation is the Clean Water Act (CWA).Who would be liable? The liable party in this situation would be Rundy Custom Homes, who was responsible for discharging storm water mixed with sediment into the stream.
The EPA would be responsible for enforcing the Clean Water Act. If the EPA fails to act, a citizen can bring an action in a federal district court under the citizen suit provision of the Clean Water Act.
The citizen suit provision authorizes "any citizen" to bring a civil action against a person who is alleged to be in violation of an effluent standard or limitation under the Clean Water Act.
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Discuss THREE risks that must be considered by private individuals who are anticipating investing in the transportation industry.
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Transportation, like many other industries, has its own set of challenges and risks like - Market Volatility, Competition, Regulatory Risk.
Private individuals planning to invest in the transportation industry should consider the following risks:
Market Volatility: Fluctuations in the economy and financial markets pose significant risks for transportation companies. Changes in fuel prices, availability, and demand can significantly impact profitability. A good example is when fuel prices rose sharply a few years ago, leading to many transportation firms going out of business. An investor who intends to invest in the transportation sector must be aware of market volatility and plan for such situations.
Competition: Competition is always a risk in any industry, and transportation is no exception. The competition in the transportation industry is fierce and involves big companies with large resources. They include global firms like UPS, FedEx, and DHL. Private investors looking to invest in the transportation industry should be prepared to face stiff competition, come up with unique and innovative ideas to succeed and stay ahead of the competition.
Regulatory Risks: There are several regulatory risks associated with investing in the transportation industry. The transportation industry is heavily regulated by government agencies that set standards, rules, and regulations for transportation companies. Regulations such as environmental, safety, licensing, and permitting can significantly impact transportation companies' operations and profitability.
An investor looking to invest in the transportation industry must research and understand the regulations to avoid any surprises.
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A bond issued by the U.S. Treasury with a maturity of 90 days is sold on the (1 point) capital market. secondary market money market primary market
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The US Treasury issues short-term securities such as bills on the money market to fund its short-term expenditures. The Treasury bills are the most common and widely used money market securities. They are sold at a discount from their par value and mature at par value within one year or less. Bills are available in 4, 13, 26, and 52-week maturities. A bond issued by the US Treasury with a maturity of 90 days is sold on the money market.
The money market is a short-term debt market where companies and governments raise money by selling securities with maturities of one year or less. Money market securities can be categorized into two groups: money market instruments and money market funds. The former includes commercial paper, Treasury bills, banker's acceptances, and negotiable certificates of deposit, while the latter includes mutual funds that invest in these instruments. The money market is one of the most critical sources of short-term funding for businesses, governments, and other organizations. It provides liquidity to the financial system and helps support economic growth.
In conclusion, a bond issued by the US Treasury with a maturity of 90 days is sold on the money market. The money market is a short-term debt market where companies and governments raise money by selling securities with maturities of one year or less. Money market securities are generally considered low-risk investments and offer investors a way to earn a return on their cash holdings while maintaining a high degree of liquidity.
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Starting next year, you will need $25,000 annually for 4 years to complete your education. One year from today you will withdraw the first $25,000. Your uncle deposits an amount today in a bank paying 7% annual interest, which will provide the needed $25,000 payments. Required:
1) How large must the deposit be?
2) How much will be in the account immediately after you make the first withdrawal?
Answers
The annual payment needed is $25,000 for 4 years, and the interest rate is 7% annually.
To calculate the required deposit amount, we can use the formula for the future value of an annuity:
[tex]FV=P*(\frac{(1+r)^{n}-1 }{r})[/tex]
Where:
FV = Future value (the total amount needed for the education)
P = Annual payment amount ($25,000)
r = Interest rate per period (7% or 0.07)
n = Number of periods (4 years)
Substituting the values into the formula, we can calculate the required deposit amount:
[tex]FV=25000*(\frac{(1+0.07)^{4}-1 }{0.07})[/tex]
The result will give us the required deposit amount.
To calculate the balance in the account after the first withdrawal, we can subtract the withdrawal amount from the deposit amount. The remaining balance will continue to earn interest for the remaining years. Since the withdrawal occurs one year from today, the balance will be subject to one year of interest at the given rate.
By subtracting the first withdrawal amount from the initial deposit, we can calculate the balance after the first withdrawal. This balance will then earn interest for the subsequent years.
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The university is planning to add a new under graduate major in business. What are the considerations that it should account for in order to calculate the revenue and cash flow from the new major?
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When calculating the revenue and cash flow from a new undergraduate major in business, the university should consider the following key considerations:
Tuition and Fees: Determine the tuition fees that will be charged to students enrolled in the new major. Consider whether the tuition will be the same as existing majors or if there will be any variations based on factors like course offerings, resources required, or market demand.
Enrollment Projections: Estimate the number of students expected to enroll in the new major. Consider factors such as market demand, competition from other universities, and the attractiveness of the program to prospective students.
Operating Costs: Identify the costs associated with running the new major. This includes faculty salaries, staff salaries, administrative expenses, classroom and laboratory resources, technology and equipment, curriculum development, and any additional support services required.
Marketing and Promotion: Allocate resources for marketing and promoting the new major to attract potential students. Consider the cost of advertising, recruitment events, campus visits, and other promotional activities.
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Suppose that an economy has the following production function:
Y = F(K, LE) = K1/2(LE)1/2
Assume that the rate of depreciation is 6 percent per year ( = .06), the rate of population
growth is 2 percent per year (n = .02), the rate of labor efficiency growth is 2 percent per
year (g=.02) and the saving rate is 60 percent (s = 0.6).
1) Calculate the per effective worker production function, the steady-state levels of capital
per effective worker (k*), output per effective worker (y*), consumption per effective
worker (c*), and investment per effective worker (i*).
Answers
Given, production function, Y = F(K, LE) = K1/2(LE)1/2The rate of depreciation is 6% per year ( = .06)The rate of population growth is 2% per year (n = .02)The rate of labor efficiency growth is 2% per year (g=.02)The saving rate is 60% (s = 0.6).
Calculation of the per effective worker production function We know that Y / N = F(K / N, LE)For effective worker production function, Y/L = (K / L)1/2(E/ L)1/2Y/L = K1/2L-1/2E1/2L-1/2Y/L = K1/2E1/2 / L Therefore, the per effective worker production function is y = k1/2e1/2.Calculation of steady-state levels of capital per effective worker (k*)We know that δk = sf(k) - (n + g + δ)k When k* is the steady-state level of capital per effective worker, thenδk* = sf(k*) - (n + g + δ)k*0.06k* = 0.6[k1/2(EL)1/2] - (0.02 + 0.02 + 0.06)k*0.06k* = 0.6k1/2E1/2 - 0.1k*k* = 0.6 / 0.16 (EL) = 2.25EL
So, the steady-state levels of capital per effective worker is k* = 0.8451. Calculation of output per effective worker (y*)We know that y* = f(k*)y* = k*1/2 (EL)1/2y* = (0.8451)1/2 (2.25E)1/2y* = 0.9197 (E)1/2 Calculation of consumption per effective worker (c*)We know that c* = (1 - s)y*c* = (1 - 0.6)y*c* = 0.4y*Substituting y* value, we get c* = 0.4 x 0.9197(E)1/2c* = 0.3679(E)1/2Calculation of investment per effective worker (i*)We know that i* = s y* - (n + g + δ)k*i* = 0.6y* - (0.02 + 0.02 + 0.06)0.8451i* = 0.6 x 0.9197(E)1/2 - 0.1 x 0.8451i* = 0.2203(E)1/2Hence, the per effective worker production function is y = k1/2e1/2, the steady-state levels of capital per effective worker (k*) is 0.8451, output per effective worker (y*) is 0.9197(E)1/2, consumption per effective worker (c*) is 0.3679(E)1/2, and investment per effective worker (i*) is 0.2203(E)1/2.
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An economic expansion in the United States is typically
associated with a(n):
decrease in corporate profits.
increase in output.
falling inflation rate.
increase in the poverty rate.
Answers
An economic expansion in the United States is typically associated with an increase in output.
During an economic expansion, the overall economic activity and production levels in the United States tend to increase. This leads to an expansion of output across various sectors of the economy. As businesses experience higher demand for goods and services, they respond by increasing their production to meet the growing needs of consumers and other businesses. This increase in output is a characteristic feature of an economic expansion.
While an economic expansion generally leads to positive effects such as increased employment, higher incomes, and improved business conditions, it does not necessarily imply a decrease in corporate profits, falling inflation rates, or an increase in the poverty rate. These factors can be influenced by various other factors and conditions in the economy, and their relationship to an economic expansion may vary. However, an increase in output is a common and defining characteristic of an economic expansion.
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Here are the expected returns on two stocks:
Probability X Y
0.2 -25% 10%
0.6 25 15
0.2 50 20
What is stock X’s coefficient of variation?
Group of answer choices
1.56
1.32
1.22
0.78
0.64
Answers
Coefficient of variation (CV) is used to gauge the degree of variation of a set of data points and is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. In statistics, the coefficient of variation, also known as relative standard deviation.
is a normalized measure of the dispersion of a probability distribution or a data set. The formula for calculating the coefficient of variation is as follows:\[\text{Coefficient of variation}=\frac{\text{Standard deviation}}{\text{Mean}}\]Given that probability X, Y are 0.2, 0.6, and 0.2, respectively and their corresponding returns are -25%, 10%, 25%, 15%, 50%, and 20%.The formula for calculating the coefficient of variation is as follows.
\[\text{Coefficient of variation}=\frac{\text{Standard deviation}}{\text{Mean}}\]To calculate the coefficient of variation for stock X:Standard deviation (σ) is calculated by the formula:$$\sigma_X = \sqrt{\sum(x - \bar{x})^2 * p}$$Where \begin{align*}x\end{align*} is the return on stock X, \begin{align*}\bar{x}\end{align*} is the expected return on stock X, and \begin{align*}p\end{align*} is the corresponding probability. The expected return on stock X can be calculated as follows:$$E(X) = \sum x * p$$Putting values in the above formula,$$\sigma_X = \sqrt{(-25 - 7.5)^2 * 0.2 + (10 - 7.5)^2 * 0.6 + (50 - 7.5)^2 * 0.2}$$$$\sigma_X = \sqrt{387.5}$$$$\sigma_X = 19.68$$The expected return on stock X is:$$E(X) = -25*0.2 + 10*0.6 + 50*0.2$$$$E(X) = 7.5$$So, the Coefficient of variation (CV) of stock X is:$$CV_X = \frac{\sigma_X}{E(X)}$$Putting values in the above formula, $$CV_X = \frac{19.68}{7.5}$$$$CV_X = 2.62$$Thus, the Coefficient of variation (CV) of stock X is 2.62.
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The coefficient of variation of stock X rounded to two decimal places is 11.93. However, it is important to note that the provided answer options are not rounded to two decimal places. the closest answer option is 1.22.
Coefficient of variation for stock X can be calculated as follows: Coefficient of variation (CV) of stock X = (standard deviation of stock X / expected return of stock X) * 100In order to solve this problem, we first need to calculate the expected return and standard deviation of stock X using the information given: Probability X 0.2 0.6 0.2 Expected return = (-0.25 x 0.2) + (0.25 x 0.6) + (0.5 x 0.2) = 0.15 or 15% Probability X X - μ X - μ²0.2 -25% -40% 16%0.6 25% 10% 1%0.2 50% 35% 12% Variance of stock X = ∑(X - μ)² x P = (16 x 0.2) + (1 x 0.6) + (12 x 0.2) = 3.2 Standard deviation of stock X = √(variance of stock X) = √3.2 = 1.7888 Coefficient of variation of stock X = (1.7888 / 0.15) * 100 ≈ 11.925. Therefore, the coefficient of variation of stock X rounded to two decimal places is 11.93. However, it is important to note that the provided answer options are not rounded to two decimal places. Therefore, the closest answer option is 1.22. Hence, the answer is: 1.22.
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Of 8 Key Social/Economic Factors Involved For Recruitment, List And Briefly Explain Any 4.
Answers
Four social/economic factors involved in recruitment are namely Labor Market Conditions, Economic Conditions, Demographics ad Technological Advancements.
Labor Market Conditions: Labor market conditions refer to the supply and demand for labor in a specific region or industry. Factors such as unemployment rates, job growth, and competition for talent can impact recruitment. In a tight labor market with high demand for skilled workers, organizations may face challenges in finding and attracting qualified candidates.
Economic Conditions: Economic conditions, including overall economic growth, industry performance, and business cycles, can influence recruitment. During periods of economic expansion, companies may experience increased hiring needs as they expand their operations. Conversely, during economic downturns, recruitment may slow down as companies prioritize cost-cutting measures.
Demographics: Demographic factors such as population trends, age distribution, and workforce diversity play a significant role in recruitment. Understanding the demographics of the target talent pool helps organizations tailor their recruitment strategies and messaging to attract a diverse and inclusive workforce.
Technological Advancements: Technological advancements impact recruitment by changing the way organizations find, attract, and evaluate candidates. Online job boards, social media platforms, applicant tracking systems, and artificial intelligence-based tools have transformed the recruitment landscape. Organizations need to adapt to these technological changes to effectively reach and engage potential candidates.
Labor market conditions affect the availability and quality of candidates.
Economic conditions influence the hiring needs and resources of organizations.
Demographics shape the composition and characteristics of the labor force.
Technological advancements offer new channels and tools for recruitment.
Understanding and considering these social and economic factors during recruitment can help organizations align their strategies with market realities. Adapting to labor market conditions, economic trends, demographic shifts, and technological advancements enables organizations to attract and retain top talent and remain competitive in the evolving business landscape.
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DISCUSS HOW YOU WOULD HAVE ASSESSED YOURSELF FOR THE EAS307
COURSE ( RESEARCH METHODS For Business ) IN A SCIENTIFIC
WAY.
Answers
To assess my performance in the EAS307 course (Research Methods for Business) in a scientific way, I would employ a systematic approach involving self-reflection, evaluation of course objectives.
To assess myself in a scientific way for the EAS307 course, I would begin by reflecting on my overall experience and engagement with the course materials, lectures, and discussions. I would evaluate how well I understood and retained the key concepts and theories covered in the course. Additionally, I would review the course objectives and learning outcomes to assess my level of achievement in each area.
Next, I would analyze my assignment grades and feedback provided by the instructor to identify my strengths and weaknesses. This analysis would involve examining specific areas where I performed well and areas that require improvement. By understanding my performance in different assignments and assessments, I can gain insights into my progress and identify any patterns or trends.
Furthermore, I would compare my actual performance with my initial expectations for the course. This would involve considering my learning goals, motivation, and efforts invested in the course. By comparing my expectations with my actual performance, I can assess the effectiveness of my study strategies, time management research design, and overall approach to the course.
By employing these scientific assessment techniques, I can gain a holistic understanding of my performance in the EAS307 course, identify areas for improvement, and make informed decisions for future learning and academic endeavors.
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Statutory Law and Court Decisions
The law establishing rules of conduct are not only created in
the Constitution or legislatures, but also through several other
means. Additionally, even with the best
Review the sections in your textbook discussing statutory law and court decisions. Drag the number to its appropriate term. Roll over the number for a hint. 6 7 4 3 1 5 2 Binding precedent Common law
Answers
Statutory law is created by legislatures through the process of passing bills that are signed into law by the executive branch.
These laws are codified and become part of the statutory law of the jurisdiction. Court decisions, on the other hand, are based on the interpretation of the law, including the Constitution and statutory law. Common law is a body of law based on court decisions that have been made over time and have become accepted as precedent. Binding precedent refers to a court decision that must be followed by lower courts in the same jurisdiction. Both statutory law and court decisions play important roles in shaping the legal landscape of a jurisdiction.
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K A₁ K ACTITO A₁ =C+I+G+(X-Z) -Y 0 Y₁ Yo The diagram depicts a situation where at equilibrium (Y1): OA. domestic demand exceeds output. OB. exports exceed imports. O c. domestic demand is less t
Answers
Answer: han output. OD. savings exceed investment.
Based on the given diagram and the equation "A₁ = C + I + G + (X - Z) - Y," we can analyze the different options:
Explanation: A. Domestic demand exceeds output: This option implies that domestic demand (A₁) is greater than output (Y₁). In the equation, if domestic demand exceeds output, it would be represented as A₁ > Y₁. However, we don't have enough information to determine if this condition holds true based on the diagram alone. Therefore, we cannot conclude that option A is correct.
B. Exports exceed imports: This option implies that exports (X) are greater than imports (Z). However, the diagram does not provide any information or indicators regarding the relative magnitudes of exports and imports. Therefore, we cannot conclude that option B is correct.
C. Domestic demand is less than output: This option suggests that domestic demand (A₁) is less than output (Y₁). In the equation, this would be represented as A₁ < Y₁. Given that this option aligns with the given equation, it is a possible interpretation. Therefore, option C could be correct.
D. Savings exceed investment: This option relates to the variables "Savings" and "Investment" which are not explicitly mentioned in the equation or the diagram. As such, we cannot determine if savings exceed investment based on the given information. Therefore, we cannot conclude that option D is correct.
In summary, based on the given diagram and equation, option C ("domestic demand is less than output") is a possible interpretation, while options A, B, and D cannot be determined from the available information.
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a. What are the levels of implied utilization at each resource? [3.6] b. At what time has the last passenger gone through the system? Note: If passengers of one type have to wait for a resource, passengers that do not require service at the resource can pass by the waiting passengers! [3.6] I c. Kim, an experienced long-distance traveler, arrived at 6 p.m. at the airport and attempted to move through the check-in process as quickly as she could. How long did she have to wait before she was checked at security? [3.6] d. The airline considers showing an educational program that would provide information about the airport's check-in procedures. Passenger surveys indicate that 80 percent of the inexperienced passengers (short or long distance) would subsequently act as expe- rienced passengers (i.e., the new arrival rates would be 164 experienced short-distance, 112 experienced long-distance, 16 inexperienced short-distance, and 8 inexperienced long-distance [passengers/hour]). At what time has the last passenger gone through the system? [3.6] Q3.9 (Paris Airport) Kim Opim, an enthusiastic student, is on her flight over from Philadelphia (PHL) to Paris. Kim reflects upon how her educational experiences from her operations courses could help explain the long wait time that she experienced before she could enter the departure area of Terminal A at PHL. As an airline representative explained to Kim, I there are four types of travelers in Terminal A: . Experienced short-distance (short-distance international travel destinations are Mexico and various islands in the Atlantic) travelers: these passengers check in online and do not speak with any agent nor do they take any time at the kiosks. Experienced long-distance travelers: these passengers spend three minutes with an agent. Inexperienced short-distance travelers: these passengers spend two minutes at a kiosk; however, they do not require the attention of an agent. . Inexperienced long-distance travelers: these passengers need to talk five minutes with an agent. After a passenger checks in online, or talks with an agent, or uses a kiosk, the passenger must pass through security, where they need 0.5 minute independent of their type. From historical data, the airport is able to estimate the arrival rates of the different customer types at Terminal A of Philadelphia International: . Experienced short-distance travelers: 100 per hour Experienced long-distance travelers: 80 per hour Inexperienced short-distance travelers: 80 per hour Inexperienced long-distance travelers: 40 per hour . At this terminal, there are four security check stations, six agents, and three electronic kiosks. Passengers arrive uniformly from 4 p.m. to 8 p.m., with the entire system empty prior to 4 p.m. (the "midafternoon lull") and no customers arrive after 8 p.m. All workers must stay on duty until the last passenger is entirely through the system (e.g., has passed through security). a. What are the levels of implied utilization at each resource? [3.6] b. At what time has the last passenger gone through the system? Note: If passengers of one type have to wait for a resource, passengers that do not require service at the resource can pass by the waiting passengers! [3.6]
Answers
a. The levels of implied utilization at each resource are: Security check stations- Security check stations have an arrival rate of (100+80+80+40)= 300 passengers/hour. Passengers require an average service rate of 1/0.5= 2 passengers per minute per security check stations, implying that all four stations can serve 8 passengers per minute and a total of 480 passengers per hour. Implied Utilization= Arrival rate/Service rate= 300/480= 0.625 (62.5%)Agents- Arrivals for this resource are not separated into short/long distance, so we have an arrival rate of (80+40)= 120 passengers/hour. The average service rate is 1/3= 1/180 passengers per minute, which implies that all 6 stations can serve 1/30= 2 passengers per minute and 120 passengers per hour. Implied Utilization= Arrival rate/Service rate= 120/120= 1 (100%)Electronic kiosks- Arrivals are again not separated into short/long distance, so we have an arrival rate of (80+40)= 120 passengers/hour. The average service rate is 1/2= 1/120 passengers per minute, which implies that all three kiosks can serve 1/40= 3/120= 3 passengers per minute and a total of 180 passengers per hour. Implied Utilization= Arrival rate/Service rate= 120/180= 0.667 (66.7%)
b. The below table represents the calculation of the last passenger gone through the system: Time 16:00 Arrival of Experienced short-distance passengers Arrival rate= 100Time 16:00 Arrival of Experienced long-distance passengers Arrival rate= 80Time 16:00 Arrival of Inexperienced short-distance passengers Arrival rate= 80Time 16:00 Arrival of Inexperienced long-distance passengers Arrival rate= 40Passengers requiring security check= (100+80+80+40)= 300Arrival rate for security check stations= 300Service rate for security check stations= 8 passengers/min= 480 passengers/hour Implied Utilization for security check stations= Arrival rate/Service rate= 300/480= 0.625Arrival rate for agents= 120Service rate for agents= 2 passengers/min= 120 passengers/hour Implied Utilization for agents= Arrival rate/Service rate= 120/120= 1Arrival rate for kiosks= 120Service rate for kiosks= 3 passengers/min= 180 passengers/hour Implied Utilization for kiosks= Arrival rate/Service rate= 120/180= 0.667As the bottleneck resource is the agents, the calculation of the last passenger gone through the system will be based on the utilization of this resource. Maximum capacity= 6 agents x 60 min= 360 passengers/hour. The actual throughput of this resource is 120 passengers/hour. Implied Utilization= Throughput/Maximum capacity= 120/360= 0.333Time for last passenger to pass through the system= Time for the slowest process (talking to an agent for inexperienced long-distance passengers)= 5 minutes. Last Passenger Passed Through the System= Time of Arrival of Last Passenger+ Time for the Slowest Process= 8 pm + 5 minutes= 8:05 pm. Therefore, the last passenger passed through the system at 8:05 pm.
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The choice of financing strategy involves a tradeoff between
return and risk.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Answers
True. The choice of financing strategy does involve a tradeoff between return and risk.
When deciding on a financing strategy, businesses need to consider the potential return they can achieve from the investment as well as the associated level of risk.
Different sources of financing, such as equity or debt, offer varying levels of return and risk. Equity financing, for example, may provide the potential for higher returns but also comes with a higher level of risk as shareholders bear the business's financial risks.
On the other hand, debt financing may offer lower returns but carries lower risk since lenders have priority in repayment. The decision ultimately depends on the business's risk appetite, financial situation, and the tradeoff it is willing to make between higher returns and higher risk.
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The balance sheet of Indian River Electronics Corporation as of December 31, 2020, included 1075% bonds having a face amount of $911 million. The bonds had been issued in 2013 and had a remaining disc
Answers
The balance sheet of Indian River Electronics bond Corporation as of December all publicly traded stocks in the United States are included in the broad market index known as the Wilshire 5000.
We can spot many trends when we plot the Wilshire 5000's % change from a year ago. The indicator often shows positive % changes prior to recessionary periods, signalling an expanding economy and a bullish market outlook.
However, during recessionary times, the percent change becomes negative as stock sales increase and investors lose faith in the economy. The graph's vertical, shaded bars show this to be the case. For instance, during the recession of 2001, the percent change drastically decreased and stayed negative for a number of months. Similar to this, during the financial crisis of 2008, the percent change reached a record low and stayed negative for almosta.
Complete question:
The balance sheet of Indian River Electronics Corporation as of December 31, 2020, included 1075% bonds having a face amount of $911 million. The bonds had been issued in 2013 and had a remaining disc?
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elton electronics lease testing equipment to startup corporation. the equipment is not specialized and is delivered on january 1, 2023. THe fair value of the equipment is $83,000. THe cost of the equipment to Elton is $78,000 and the expected life of the testing equipment is 8 years. Elton incurs inital direct costs of $10,000, which they elect to expense. The lease term for the equipment is 8 years, with the first payment due upon delivery, and seven subsequent annual payments beginning on December 31, 2023 and ending on December 31, 2029. Elton implicit rate is 11% and the expect that collection of the $11,000 lease payment is probable.
What is the principal balance in the Net Investment in Lease - Sale type account at the commencement of the lease?
A. $46536
B. $78000
C. $62834
D. $51834
Answers
The principal balance in the Net Investment in Lease - Sale type account at the commencement of the lease is $62,834.
The principal balance in the Net Investment in Lease - Sale type account represents the cost of the leased asset to the lessor (Elton Electronics) minus the initial direct costs and any unearned income. In this case, the cost of the equipment to Elton is $78,000, and they incur initial direct costs of $10,000, which they elect to expense. Therefore, the net investment in the lease is $78,000 - $10,000 = $68,000.
To calculate the principal balance, we need to determine the present value of the lease payments using the implicit rate of 11%. The lease payments consist of seven annual payments of $11,000 each, starting on December 31, 2023, and ending on December 31, 2029. Using the present value of an ordinary annuity formula, the present value of these lease payments is $62,834. Therefore, the principal balance in the Net Investment in Lease - Sale type account at the commencement of the lease is $62,834.
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Describe how the Great Recession affected the balance sheets of
the central bank and the banking system. Support your answer using
balance sheet examples from either the US or the UK. [25 marks]
Answers
The Great Recession, which occurred from 2007 to 2009, had a significant impact on the balance sheets of both central banks and the banking system.
Let's take a look at how this crisis affected the balance sheets of the Federal Reserve (the central bank of the United States) and the banking system as a whole.
Central Bank (Federal Reserve):
During the Great Recession, the Federal Reserve implemented several measures to stabilize the financial system and support economic recovery. These actions had notable effects on its balance sheet. Here is a simplified example of the Federal Reserve's balance sheet changes during the crisis:
Before the Crisis:
Assets:
U.S. Treasury Securities: $800 billion
Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS): $0
Liabilities and Capital:
Currency in Circulation: $800 billion
Reserves of Depository Institutions: $0
Capital: $30 billion
During the Crisis:
Assets:
U.S. Treasury Securities: Increased to $2.5 trillion (due to purchases of government bonds)
Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS): Increased to $1.7 trillion (due to purchases of mortgage-related assets)
Liabilities and Capital:
Currency in Circulation: Increased to $1.2 trillion (as a result of increased economic uncertainty)
Reserves of Depository Institutions: Increased to $2 trillion (through the injection of liquidity via quantitative easing)
Capital: Remained relatively stable
The Federal Reserve's balance sheet expanded significantly during the crisis as it engaged in large-scale asset purchases to stimulate the economy and provide liquidity to the banking system.
Banking System:
The Great Recession had a profound impact on the banking system, leading to significant changes in their balance sheets. Here is a simplified example of the balance sheet changes of commercial banks during the crisis:
Before the Crisis:
Assets:
Loans: $5 trillion
Reserves: $50 billion
Liabilities and Capital:
Deposits: $4 trillion
Capital: $500 billion
During the Crisis:
Assets:
Loans: Decreased to $4 trillion (due to increased loan defaults and reduced lending)
Reserves: Increased to $1 trillion (as a result of liquidity injections from the central bank)
Liabilities and Capital:
Deposits: Remained relatively stable or declined slightly (as customers withdrew funds due to economic uncertainty)
Capital: Decreased to $450 billion (due to losses and write-offs)
During the crisis, banks faced significant loan defaults and a decline in lending activity, which negatively impacted their assets. The injection of reserves by the central bank helped stabilize their liquidity positions. However, the decline in loan quality and write-offs resulted in a decrease in bank capital.
Overall, the Great Recession had a profound impact on the balance sheets of both the central bank and the banking system. The central bank's balance sheet expanded through unconventional measures to support the economy, while commercial banks experienced asset quality deterioration and capital erosion due to the economic downturn.
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Please show all of your work.
Avagon Industries is thinking about replacing the current 2 year old computers that cost $40 million with an original life of 5 years. The cost of the new computers is $90 million. The new computers will be depreciated to zero book value using straight-line over 3 years. The existing computers has a salvage value of $5 million and a book value of $24 million. The new computers will reduce operating expenses by $38 million a year. The new computers will have a salvage value of $9 million and a book value of zero in three years. Avagon has an income tax rate of 25% & has a cost of capital of 12%.
(A) Determine the initial cash flow of the investment at time 0.
(B) Determine the operating cash flows of the investment for the next three years.
(C) Determine the terminal cash flow of the investment.
(D) Should this replacement be taken? Explain.
Answers
(A) To calculate the initial cash flow at time 0, we take into account the cost of the new computers, which is -$90 million.
The initial cash flow of the investment at time 0 is -$90 million. This represents the cost of acquiring the new computers, which is an immediate outflow of cash. Avagon Industries will need to invest $90 million upfront to purchase the new computers.
(B) The operating cash flows for the next three years are $53 million, $53 million, and $53 million, respectively.
The operating cash flows for the next three years are determined by subtracting the operating expenses reduction of $38 million from the depreciation expense. Since the new computers will be depreciated to zero book value over 3 years using straight-line depreciation, the annual depreciation expense is ($90 million - $9 million) / 3 = $27 million. Therefore, the operating cash flows for each year are $27 million (depreciation) + $38 million (expense reduction) = $53 million.
(C) The terminal cash flow is the salvage value of the new computers, which is $9 million.
The terminal cash flow of the investment is $9 million. This refers to the cash flow that occurs at the end of the investment period, specifically when the new computers reach the end of their useful life. In this case, after three years, the new computers will have a salvage value of $9 million. The salvage value is the estimated resale value of the asset at the end of its useful life.
(D) If the NPV is positive, it indicates a profitable investment, and if the NPV is negative, it indicates a non-profitable investment.
To decide whether this replacement should be taken, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the investment. The NPV considers the initial cash flow, operating cash flows, and terminal cash flow, discounted to their present value using the cost of capital.
NPV = Initial cash flow + Present value of operating cash flows + Present value of terminal cash flow
Using the given cost of capital of 12%, we can calculate the present value of cash flows. However, since the specific time periods for the cash flows are not mentioned, I am unable to provide an accurate calculation for the NPV. To make a decision, compare the NPV to zero. If the NPV is positive, it indicates a profitable investment, and if the NPV is negative, it indicates a non-profitable investment.
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Fox Co. has identified an investment project with the following cash flows. Year Nm7 Cash Flow $ 570 430 840 1,230 a. If the discount rate is 10 percent, what is the present value of these cash flows? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) b. What is the present value at 18 percent? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) c. What is the present value at 24 percent? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) a. Present value $ 2,344.76 1,937.54 b. Present value $ Present value
Answers
a. If the discount rate is 10%, the present value of these cash flows can be calculated as follows:
Year Nm7 Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flows
PV = CF/(1+r)^n
Present Value of Cash Flows 0 - $ 0.00 1 $ 570.00 $ 518.18 2 $ 430.00 $ 348.69 3 $ 840.00 $ 622.09 4 $ 1,230.00 $ 864.80
The sum of the present value of all the cash flows equals $ 2,344.76. Hence, the present value of these cash flows is $ 2,344.76, when the discount rate is 10 percent.
b. If the discount rate is 18%, the present value of these cash flows can be calculated as follows:
Year Nm7 Cash Flow Present Value of Cash FlowsPV = CF/(1+r)^n
Present Value of Cash Flows 0 - $ 0.00 1 $ 570.00 $ 483.05 2 $ 430.00 $ 308.09 3 $ 840.00 $ 450.60 4 $ 1,230.00 $ 619.38
The sum of the present value of all the cash flows equals $ 1,861.12. Hence, the present value of these cash flows is $ 1,861.12, when the discount rate is 18 percent.
c.If the discount rate is 24%, the present value of these cash flows can be calculated as follows:
Year Nm7 Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flows
PV = CF/(1+r)^n
Present Value of Cash Flows 0 - $ 0.00 1 $ 570.00 $ 459.68 2 $ 430.00 $ 250.67 3 $ 840.00 $ 324.39 4 $ 1,230.00 $ 384.15
The sum of the present value of all the cash flows equals $ 1,418.90. Hence, the present value of these cash flows is $ 1,418.90, when the discount rate is 24 percent.
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Z1) Introduction of the topic. Focus on the background of the topic and some relevant concepts which can be related to the work setting.
2) Application in life. Provide/Share own life experience/reflection and how the contents discussed can make an impact to the workplace. (Related to the topic)
Answers
Z1) The term Emotional Intelligence was introduced by Salovey and Mayer (1990). The idea of emotional intelligence states that an individual's ability to understand and manage their emotions as well as understanding the emotions of others is significant for personal and professional success in life.
Emotional Intelligence includes five major components, which include self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. The workplace is one place where emotional intelligence is highly regarded. Understanding the emotions of colleagues, managers, and subordinates is essential for a thriving and effective work environment. In addition, emotional intelligence can lead to improved communication, better relationships, and higher levels of job satisfaction.
2) I have been in the hospitality industry for over a decade now, and I have realized that emotional intelligence plays a significant role in customer service. As a front desk agent, I encounter different kinds of people with different emotions and needs. Understanding the emotions of customers and responding appropriately can make a difference in their satisfaction level and overall experience.
As a result, I have learned to practice emotional intelligence by being self-aware, regulating my emotions, and showing empathy towards customers. By understanding my emotions, I can control my reaction towards difficult customers. I have also learned to put myself in their shoes to understand their perspective better and respond accordingly. Understanding the emotions of customers has helped me to create a positive working environment, where I work more effectively with my colleagues to provide excellent customer service.
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Why do we remain uninformed of past ancient civilizations? Though imperfect, what new methods of investigation are being used to study past societies? 2. Based on this lecture, how did ancient civilizations established a caste or class system? Which social classes were likely the first to become free from work and menial labour? 3. Select one of the three classical macro-sociologists discussed in this lecture and explain why he was correct or incorrect in his observations about his changing world?
Answers
Studying ancient civilizations is challenging due to limited records and interpretations, but new methods and technology help uncover a deeper understanding of our human history.
1. There can be several reasons for our lack of information about past ancient civilizations. One reason is the loss or destruction of historical records and artifacts over time due to natural disasters, wars, or cultural upheavals. Additionally, some civilizations may not have left behind significant written records, making it challenging to reconstruct their history. Another factor is the limited resources and funding available for archaeological excavations and research, which can hinder our understanding of these civilizations.
To address these challenges, new methods of investigation are being employed, such as remote sensing techniques (e.g., LiDAR and satellite imagery) to identify archaeological sites, advanced imaging, and analysis technologies to study ancient artifacts non-invasively, and interdisciplinary approaches that combine archaeology with other scientific fields like genetics and isotopic analysis to gain insights into past societies.
2. Ancient civilizations established caste or class systems through various means, including hereditary systems, occupation-based divisions, and religious or ideological beliefs. The social classes that were likely the first to become free from work and menial labor were the upper classes or ruling elites. These privileged groups often had access to resources, education, and power, allowing them to delegate labor to lower classes or slaves. As societies developed, specialized roles such as priests, warriors, and administrators emerged, creating a hierarchical structure where certain classes enjoyed higher status and fewer burdensome tasks.
3. Max Weber, one of the three classical macro-sociologists, was correct in his observations about the changing world. He emphasized the role of bureaucracy and rationalization in modern societies, predicting the rise of bureaucratization and the domination of formal rationality. Weber argued that these developments would lead to both efficiency and the potential for alienation and disenchantment in society.
His analysis continues to be relevant as we witness the growth of bureaucratic structures and the impact of rationalization on various aspects of modern life. However, some critics argue that Weber's perspective downplays the significance of other social forces, such as class struggle and economic determinants, in shaping societies. Nonetheless, his ideas contribute valuable insights into the complexities of modern social organization and the potential trade-offs associated with bureaucratization and rationalization.
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Daily Enterprises is purchasing a $10.3 million machine. It will cost $52,000 to transport and install the machine. The machine has a depreciable life of five years using straight-line depreciation and will have no salvage value. The machine will generate incremental revenues of $4.1 million per year along with incremental costs of $1.1 million per year. Daily's marginal tax rate is 35%. You are forecasting incremental free cash flows for Daily Enterprises. What are the incremental free cash flows assocuated with the new machine?
Answers
The Incremental Free Cash Flow (IFCF) assocuated with the new machine is -$7.762 Million.
Given:
Initial Cost of Machine (IC)= $10.3 Million
Cost of Transporting and Installing (TC)= $52,000
Incremental Revenue (IR)= $4.1 Million per year
Incremental Costs (ICo) = $1.1 Million per year
Machine's Depreciable Life = 5 years
Salvage Value of the Machine = 0
Marginal Tax Rate of Daily's Enterprises = 35%.
To find:
Incremental Free Cash Flow (IFCF)
Calculation of Depreciation of the Machine:
Depreciation of the Machine = (IC – SV) / n
Where, n = Depreciable Life, SV = Salvage Value
Depreciation of the Machine = (IC – SV) / n= ($10.3 Million – 0) / 5= $2.06 Million per year
Calculation of Incremental Earnings before Tax (IEBT):
Incremental Earnings before Tax (IEBT) = IR – ICo – Depreciation of the Machine
IEBT = IR – ICo – Depreciation of the Machine
= $4.1 Million – $1.1 Million – $2.06 Million
= $0.84 Million
Calculation of Tax Paid:
Taxes Paid = IEBT x Tax Rate
= $0.84 Million x 35%
= $0.29 Million
Calculation of Incremental Net Income (INI):
Incremental Net Income (INI) = IEBT – Taxes Paid
INI = IEBT – Taxes Paid
= $0.84 Million – $0.29 Million
= $0.55 Million
Calculation of Incremental Free Cash Flow (IFCF):
Incremental Free Cash Flow (IFCF) = INI + Depreciation of the Machine – Incremental Capital Expenditure (ICE)
IFCF = INI + Depreciation of the Machine – ICE
Where,
ICE = IC + TC – SV
= $10.3 Million + $52,000 – $0
= $10.352 Million
IFCF = $0.55 Million + $2.06 Million – $10.352 Million
= -$7.762 Million
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