Variable costs change in direct proportion to changes in the level of activity or volume of production.
Fixed costs remain the same regardless of changes in activity or production volume. Mixed costs have both fixed and variable components. None of these costs are costs that cannot be classified as variable, fixed, or mixed. To determine the cost behavior, it is important to analyze the relationship between the cost and the level of activity. If the cost varies with the level of activity, it is a variable cost.
If the cost remains the same regardless of changes in the level of activity, it is a fixed cost. If the cost has both fixed and variable components, it is a mixed cost. By analyzing the behavior of each cost in the table, it can be determined whether they are variable, fixed, mixed, or none of these.
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The Mach 10 is a one person sailboat manufactured by creative leisure. The final assembly plant is in Cupertino, California. The assembly area is available for production of the Mach 10 for 200 minutes per day. (The rest of the time it is busy making other products) the daily demand is 64 boats. Given the following information:
Task performance time (mins) Predecessors
A 1 -
B 2 A
C 2 A
D 1 C
E 2 C
F 1 C
G 1 D,E,F
The Mach 10 is a one-person sailboat that is produced by Creative Leisure. The final assembly plant is located in Cupertino, California. The assembly area is available for production of the Mach 10 for 200 minutes per day.
The Mach 10 is a one-person sailboat that is produced by Creative Leisure. The final assembly plant is located in Cupertino, California. The assembly area is available for production of the Mach 10 for 200 minutes per day. However, the rest of the time, the plant is busy producing other products. The daily demand for the Mach 10 is 64 boats. We can use the given data to calculate the critical path of the project and see how many boats can be produced in a day.To calculate the critical path of the project, we need to first draw a network diagram and calculate the earliest start time, earliest finish time, latest start time, and latest finish time for each activity.Activity A has a task performance time of 1 minute and no predecessors. Therefore, the earliest start time for activity A is 0 and the earliest finish time is 1. Similarly, we can calculate the earliest start time and earliest finish time for activities B, C, D, E, F, and G.Using the earliest start time and earliest finish time for each activity, we can calculate the latest start time and latest finish time for each activity. Then we can calculate the slack for each activity.The critical path of the project is the path with zero slack. In this case, the critical path is A-C-E-G. The total time required to complete the project is 8 minutes.Therefore, the production capacity for the Mach 10 sailboat is 200/8 = 25 boats per day. Since the daily demand is 64 boats, the plant needs to work for 64/25 = 2.56 days to meet the demand. However, since the plant is only available for 1 day, the daily production of the Mach 10 sailboat will be 25 boats. Therefore, the plant will be able to meet 25/64 = 39.06% of the daily demand for the Mach 10 sailboat.
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what is ppc? why is it important? what are the various steps to be considered while designing a flow chart? consider the example of designing, state the procedure involved in scheduling and its control? (14marks)
PPC stands for Production Planning and Control. It is an essential aspect of the manufacturing process that involves a set of activities aimed at coordinating the flow of materials and resources. The objective of PPC is to ensure that production is carried out as planned, within the budget and time limits, and with the required quality standards.
PPC is important because it helps the organization in the following ways: It ensures the efficient use of resources and time to complete the production process. It helps in maintaining the delivery schedules. It reduces the production costs and improves profitability. It helps in identifying the production problems and rectifying them to maintain quality standards. The various steps to be considered while designing a flow chart are: Step 1: Define the process: Identify the steps involved in the process and their sequence. Step 2: Identify the input and output: Identify the input and output for each step of the process. Step 3: Develop the flowchart: Use symbols to represent each step of the process, connecting them with arrows to indicate the flow. Step 4: Verify the flowchart: Verify the flowchart with all parties involved to ensure it is accurate. Step 5: Use the flowchart: Use the flowchart to identify areas of the process that require improvement and to train new employees. Example of designing: Designing a website Procedure involved in scheduling: Step 1: Define the scope: Define the scope of the project and identify the tasks to be performed. Step 2: Identify the resources: Identify the resources required to complete the tasks, such as human resources, equipment, and materials. Step 3: Estimate the time required: Estimate the time required for each task based on the resources available. Step 4: Develop the schedule: Develop a schedule that shows the start and end dates for each task and the dependencies between tasks. Step 5: Monitor progress: Monitor the progress of the project to ensure that it is on track and that any issues are addressed in a timely manner. Step 6: Control changes: Control changes to the schedule to ensure that they do not affect the project's timeline or budget.
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A company plans to buy a new machine at the beginning of the year, to meet expected demand for a new product A.
This machine will cost €300,000 and last for four years at the end of which time it will be sold for €20,000.
The company expects demand for product A to be as follows:
Year Demand (units)
1 25,000
2 36,000
3 44,000
4 52,000
The selling price for product A is expected to be €15.00 per unit and the variable cost of production is expected to be €9.50 per unit.
Incremental annual fixed production overheads of €35.000 per year will be incurred.
Selling price and costs are all in current price terms (Year 0).
Selling price and costs are expected to increase as follows:
Selling price of product, A: 4% per year
Variable cost of production: 5% per year
Fixed production overheads: 6% per year
Other information:
Cost of capital = 10%.
Annual tax rate = 12.5% and is paid one year in arrears.
WDA = 25% on a reducing balance basis.
Depreciation is charged on a reducing balance basis.
Required
Calculate the NPV of buying the new machine and comment of your findings.
The calculated NPV of buying the new machine is positive at €94,852.23, indicating a favorable investment opportunity.
How favorable is the NPV of buying the new machine, and what does it indicate about the investment?To calculate the NPV (Net Present Value) of buying the new machine and evaluate its feasibility, we need to consider the cash flows associated with the investment over the four-year period.
Here's how we can calculate the NPV:
Calculate the annual cash inflows:
Year 1: Demand * Selling Price per unit = 25,000 * €15.00 = €375,000Year 2: 36,000 * €15.00 = €540,000Year 3: 44,000 * €15.00 = €660,000Year 4: 52,000 * €15.00 = €780,000Calculate the annual cash outflows:
Fixed production overheads: €35,000 per yearVariable cost of production:Year 1: 25,000 * €9.50 = €237,500Year 2: 36,000 * €9.50 = €342,000Year 3: 44,000 * €9.50 = €418,000Year 4: 52,000 * €9.50 = €494,000Depreciation: (Cost of machine - Residual value) * WDA
Year 1: (€300,000 - €20,000) * 25% = €70,000Year 2: (€300,000 - €20,000 - €70,000) * 25% = €52,500Year 3: (€300,000 - €20,000 - €70,000 - €52,500) * 25% = €39,375Year 4: (€300,000 - €20,000 - €70,000 - €52,500 - €39,375) * 25% = €29,531.25Calculate the annual cash flows:
Year 1: Inflows - Outflows = €375,000 - (€35,000 + €237,500 + €70,000) = €32,500Year 2: €540,000 - (€35,000 + €342,000 + €52,500) = €110,500Year 3: €660,000 - (€35,000 + €418,000 + €39,375) = €167,625Year 4: €780,000 - (€35,000 + €494,000 + €29,531.25) = €221,468.75Discount the cash flows to their present value:
Year 1: €32,500 / (1 + 0.10) = €29,545.45Year 2: €110,500 / (1 + 0.10)² = €90,909.09Year 3: €167,625 / (1 + 0.10)³ = €125,405.41Year 4: €221,468.75 / (1 + 0.10)⁴ = €147,992.28Calculate the NPV by summing the present values of the cash flows:
NPV = Sum of present values - Initial investment
= €29,545.45 + €90,909.09 + €125,405.41 + €147,992.28 -€300,000
= €94,852.23
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Boston Electric Generators has been getting many complaints from its major customer, Home Station, about the quality of its shipments of home generators. Daniel Shimshak, the plant manager, is alarmed that a customer is providing him with the only information the company has on shipment quality. He decides to collect information on defective shipments through a form he has asked his drivers to complete on arrival at customers' stores.
The plant manager, Daniel Shimshak, implemented a defect reporting form for drivers to collect information on defective shipments upon arrival at customers' stores.
Daniel Shimshak recognized the need to gather more information about shipment quality beyond the complaints from Home Station. To address this, he introduced a defect reporting form for drivers to complete upon delivery. This form allows drivers to document any observed defects or issues with the shipments. By collecting this data, Boston Electric Generators can track and analyze the frequency and nature of defects, identify areas for improvement, and take proactive measures to enhance shipment quality. This approach helps the company address customer concerns and improve overall product quality and customer satisfaction.
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Lower-of-Cost-or-Market Method On the basis of the data shown below: Inventory Cost per Quantity Market Value per Unit (Net Realizable Value) Item Unit CK33 151 $52 $47 TX24 299 27 30 Determine the value of the inventory at the lower of cost or market by applying lower of cost or market to each inventory item, as shown in Exhibit 9.
The total value of the inventory at the lower of cost or market is $7,097 + $8,073 = $15,170.
Lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) is an accounting rule for stock valuation that follows the conservative principle, implying that an item should be valued at the lower of its actual cost or its current market price. The LCM accounting strategy aims to establish a tradeoff between stating assets correctly and reducing gains and losses. LCM is an important accounting standard since it helps to avoid overstating assets while also ensuring that businesses remain solvent. The lower-of-cost-or-market strategy is an inventory valuation method used in financial accounting to determine the worth of stock recorded in a company's inventory account. It is also known as the lower-of-cost-or-market rule (LCM).
Calculation of inventory value by applying Lower-of-Cost-or-Market Method:
Inventory Cost per Quantity Market Value per Unit (Net Realizable Value) Item Unit CK33 $52 $47 TX24 $27 $30 To apply the lower-of-cost-or-market rule, you must first determine the cost and market price for each inventory item. Here, the cost of each unit is listed in the table and the market value (Net Realizable Value) is given. The net realizable value (NRV) is the market value of a good or service less any potential costs associated with its sale, such as marketing and sales expenses. According to LCM, the inventory value should be computed as follows:Value of inventory = Quantity * LCM cost per unit CK33 : $47, which is the lower valueTX24 : $27, which is the lower value The value of the inventory is calculated as follows: CK33 151*$47 = $7,097 TX24 299*$27 = $8,073
Therefore, the total value of the inventory at the lower of cost or market is $7,097 + $8,073 = $15,170.
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Dynamic - Problem and answer changes with each attempt (consider an Excel solution)
Tristan Industries makes farm equipment. The standard for a particular farm calls for 20 direct labor-hours at $ 26 per direct labor-hour. During a recent period 825 farm calls were made. The labor efficiency variance was $1,418 Unfavorable.
Hint: What would be the standard for one farm call?
How many actual direct labor-hours were worked? (in total) Range will be 14,999 to 24,999 hours
Dynamic - Problem and answer changes with each attempt (consider an Excel solution)
Tristan Industries makes farm equipment. The standard for a particular farm calls for 20 direct labor-hours at $ 26 per direct labor-hour. During a recent period 825 farm calls were made. The labor efficiency variance was $1,418 Unfavorable.
Hint: What would be the standard for one farm call?
How many actual direct labor-hours were worked? (in total) Range will be 14,999 to 24,999 hours
The standard for one farm call is 20 direct labor-hours. The total actual direct labor-hours worked during the period range from 14,999 to 24,999 hours.
To find the standard for one farm call, we look at the given information that the standard for a particular farm is 20 direct labor-hours. Therefore, the standard for one farm call is 20 direct labor-hours. Next, we need to determine the total actual direct labor-hours worked during the period. We can use the labor efficiency variance and the standard to calculate the actual direct labor-hours.
The labor efficiency variance is given as $1,418 Unfavorable. Since the variance is unfavorable, it means that the actual direct labor-hours worked were more than the standard direct labor-hours. To calculate the actual direct labor-hours, we can use the formula:
Actual direct labor-hours = Standard direct labor-hours + Labor efficiency variance
Given that the labor efficiency variance is $1,418 Unfavorable, we add this amount to the standard direct labor-hours:
Actual direct labor-hours = 20 direct labor-hours + (-$1,418) = 20 direct labor-hours - $1,418
The actual direct labor-hours worked will range from 14,999 to 24,999 hours, depending on the specific value of the unfavorable variance.
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Billy is the operator of The Water Bottle Company, which sells water bottles. He previously determined that the fixed costs of the company consist of property taxes, a lease, and executive salaries, which add up to $1,000,000. The variable cost associated with producing one water bottle is $2 per unit. The water bottle is sold at a premium price of $12. a) Determine the break even point for the premium water bottle. b) Determine the number of units sold to make profit of $1,000,000.
a) To determine the break-even point for the premium water bottle, we need to find the quantity of units that need to be sold to cover the total costs. The break-even point is reached when total revenue equals total costs.
Total Fixed Costs = $1,000,000
Variable Cost per unit = $2
Selling Price per unit = $12
Break-even Point (in units) = Total Fixed Costs / (Selling Price per unit - Variable Cost per unit)
Break-even Point = $1,000,000 / ($12 - $2)
Break-even Point = $1,000,000 / $10
Break-even Point = 100,000 units
Therefore, the break-even point for the premium water bottle is 100,000 units.
b) To determine the number of units sold to make a profit of $1,000,000, we need to calculate the contribution margin per unit and then divide the desired profit by the contribution margin.
Contribution Margin per unit = Selling Price per unit - Variable Cost per unit
Contribution Margin per unit = $12 - $2
Contribution Margin per unit = $10
Number of units sold = Desired Profit / Contribution Margin per unit
Number of units sold = $1,000,000 / $10
Number of units sold = 100,000 units
Therefore, to make a profit of $1,000,000, Billy needs to sell 100,000 units of the premium water bottle.
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Suppose two companies, A and B, have very high idiosyncratic risk, but stock A has a very high risk premium, whereas stock B does not. What must this mean about the nature of Stock A's risk compared with Stock B's risk? Answer in one brief sentence.
If companies A and B have high idiosyncratic risk but stock A has a high risk premium while stock B does not, then stock A's risk must be considered more risky than stock B's risk.
What is the reason?The higher the risk premium, the more risky the stock is, which means stock A has more risk compared to stock B.
In other words, the investors expect to earn more return on their investment in stock A, because it comes with a greater level of risk. The absence of a risk premium in stock B suggests that investors are not demanding additional returns to compensate for its risk, thus it is considered less risky.
Therefore, stock A is more risky compared to stock B.
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You have ksh 10 million which to invest in shareslisted in
nairobi securites exchange. If tue minimum amount you can invest in
any shares is sh 1 million, how would you allocate the shs 10
million
To allocate Ksh 10 million in shares listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), follow these steps:
1. Research: Begin by researching the various companies listed on the NSE and their financial performance, growth prospects, and dividend history. Look for companies with a strong track record and potential for future growth.
2. Diversification: Aim to diversify your investment across different sectors (e.g., banking, manufacturing, and technology) to reduce risk and enhance the potential for returns.
3. Allocation: Since the minimum investment amount is Ksh 1 million, you can invest in up to 10 different shares. Allocate the Ksh 10 million based on the weightage you assign to each share, considering factors like the company's market position, industry prospects, and your risk tolerance.
4. Monitor: Regularly monitor your investments and the companies' performance, and make adjustments as needed to optimize your portfolio.
Remember to invest in shares after thorough research and risk assessment, and consult a financial advisor if needed. Good luck with your investments!
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Floren Corporation had the following transactions pertaining to temporary debt investments. Journalize the following transactions. 1) On January 1, 20X1, purchased 50 of the 8%, $1,000 Choate Co. bonds for $50,000 cash, at 100(%) plus brokerage fees of $900. Interest is payable semiannually on July 1 and January 1. Account Name Date Debit Credit 2) July 1, 20X1 received the semiannual interest from Choate Co. on the bonds. Date Credit Debit Account Name 3) December 31, 20x1, journalize the Adjusting Entry needed for the accrued interest on the bonds. Date Account Name Debit Credit 4) January 1, 20X2 received the semiannual interest from Choate Co. on the bonds. Date Account Name Debit Credit 5) July 1, 20X2 sold 30 of the Choate Co. bonds for at 110 (%) less $500 brokerage fee. (The interest had already been received) Account Name Date Credit Debit 6) What if the sale had occurred Oct 1, 20x2. That means that Floren held the bonds from the last interest payment until Oct 1. Record the sale. Date Account Name Debit Credit
On January 1, 20X1, they purchased 50 bonds for $50,000 cash plus brokerage fees. On July 1, 20X1, they received semiannual interest from Choate Co. On December 31, 20X1, an adjusting entry was made to accrue interest on the bonds. On January 1, 20X2, they received semiannual interest again. On July 1, 20X2, they sold 30 of the Choate Co. bonds, deducting a brokerage fee. Additionally, the hypothetical scenario of a sale occurring on October 1, 20X2, with Floren holding the bonds since the last interest payment, will be recorded.
1) On January 1, 20X1, the purchase of 50 Choate Co. bonds for $50,000 cash plus $900 brokerage fees will be recorded:
Debit: Temporary Debt Investments (Choate Co. Bonds) - $50,000
Debit: Brokerage Fees Expense - $900
Credit: Cash - $50,900
2) On July 1, 20X1, the receipt of semiannual interest from Choate Co. will be recorded:
Debit: Cash - Interest Received - $2,000 (50 bonds * $1,000 bond face value * 8% interest rate)
Credit: Interest Revenue - $2,000
3) On December 31, 20X1, an adjusting entry is made to accrue interest on the bonds for the period since the last interest payment. Assuming six months have passed:
Debit: Interest Receivable - $2,000 (50 bonds * $1,000 bond face value * 8% interest rate * 6/12)
Credit: Interest Revenue - $2,000
4) On January 1, 20X2, the receipt of semiannual interest from Choate Co. will be recorded, similar to the entry on July 1, 20X1.
5) On July 1, 20X2, the sale of 30 Choate Co. bonds for 110% of their value, deducting a $500 brokerage fee, will be recorded:
Debit: Cash - $33,000 (30 bonds * $1,000 bond face value * 110%)
Debit: Loss on Sale of Investments - $1,500 ($33,000 - $30,000)
Credit: Temporary Debt Investments (Choate Co. Bonds) - $30,000
Credit: Brokerage Fees Expense - $500
6) If the sale occurred on October 1, 20X2, with Floren holding the bonds since the last interest payment, the entry would be the same as the entry on July 1, 20X2.
These journal entries record the various transactions related to Floren Corporation's temporary debt investments in Choate Co. bonds.
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In which of the following scenarios should a firm be better focusing on a niche different from the broad market? 10 Points effects When on the losing side of network effects! When on the losing side of the negative feedbacks. When playing a 'winner-take-all' strategy. When on the winning side of the network effects.
A firm should consider focusing on a niche market when it is unable to compete in the broad market due to network effects or negative feedback, when it is playing a 'winner-take-all' strategy, or when it has established strong network effects in a particular niche.
A firm should consider focusing on a niche different from the broad market in the following scenarios:
1. When on the losing side of network effects: If a firm is unable to compete in the broad market due to the network effects of its competitors, it may be better off focusing on a smaller niche where it can establish its own network effects.
2. When on the losing side of negative feedbacks: Negative feedback from customers can damage a firm's reputation and affect its ability to compete in the broad market. In such cases, it may be beneficial for the firm to focus on a niche market where it can address the specific needs of its customers and rebuild its reputation.
3. When playing a 'winner-take-all' strategy: In some industries, such as technology, the winner takes the majority of the market share. In such cases, it may be more effective for the firm to focus on a niche where it can dominate and establish its brand before expanding to the broader market.
4. When on the winning side of network effects: If a firm has established strong network effects in a niche market, it may be better off focusing on expanding its dominance in that niche rather than trying to compete in the broader market.
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Developing which component of a financial plan requires you to analyze your level of liquidity?
A Managing your financial resources
B Budgeting and tax planning
C Planning your retirement and estate
D Protecting your assets and income
Analyzing the level of liquidity is crucial for developing the component of a financial plan known as managing your financial resources.
Managing your financial resources is a critical component of a comprehensive financial plan. It involves effectively allocating and utilizing your financial assets to meet your financial goals. One key aspect of managing financial resources is analyzing the level of liquidity.
Liquidity refers to the availability of cash or assets that can be easily converted into cash without significant loss of value. Analyzing liquidity involves evaluating the amount of readily available cash and liquid assets you have on hand or can access quickly. This assessment helps determine your ability to meet your immediate and short-term financial obligations, such as paying bills, covering living expenses, and handling unexpected expenses.
By understanding your level of liquidity, you can make informed decisions regarding how much cash to hold versus investing in other assets. It enables you to strike a balance between having enough readily available funds for emergencies and taking advantage of investment opportunities that may provide higher returns.
Analyzing liquidity involves reviewing various aspects, including your cash reserves, savings accounts, short-term investments, and the ability to quickly convert other assets into cash if needed. It also entails considering factors such as the stability of your income, potential sources of cash inflows, and any upcoming financial commitments or obligations.
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Appsam manufactures two types of smartphones, model X and model Y . Model X is a 6 inch spartphone and model Y is a 5 inch smartphone. Model X has a 28 megapixel camera and model Y has a 18 megapixel camera. For the next week, the company has orders of 100 units of model X and 150 units of model Y . Appsam purchases all the components of smartphone except camera. Depending on demand, Appsam occasionally purchases camera for one or both the cameras. Time required to manufacture lens of model X is 6 minutes and time required to manufacture lens of model Y is 8 minutes and the total time available to manufacture lens is 1080 minutes. Different components of camera needs to be assembled for the camera that are manufactured. Each camera for model X requires 4 minutes of assembly time and each camera for model Y requires 3 minutes of assembly time. Total assembly time for the camera available is 600 minutes. The manufacturing cost is $10 for each smartphone of model X and $6 for each smartphone of model Y . The purchse cost is $14 for each smartphone of model X and $9 for each smartphone of model Y . Management wants to determine the number of smartphones of model X and Y that needs to be manufactured in order to minimize the cost. – XM := number of camera of model X manufactured – Y M := number of camera of model Y manufactured – XP := number of camera of model X purchased – Y P := number of camera of model Y purchased The linear programming model that needs to be solved is as follows: Min 10XM + 6Y M + 14XP + 9Y P s.t. 1XM + 0Y M + 1XP + 0Y P = 100 Demand for model X 0XM + 1Y M + 0XP + 1Y P = 150 Demand for model Y 4XM + 3Y M + 0XP + 0Y P ≤ 600 Camera assembly time 6XM + 8Y M + 0XP + 0Y P ≤ 1080 Lens manufacturing time XM, Y M, XP, Y P ≥ 0 1. Generate sensitivity report for the LP Problem using excel. 2. What is the optimal solution and what is the optimal value of the objective function? 3. Which constraints are binding? 4. What are the shadow prices? Interpret each. 5. If you could change the right-hand side of one constraint by one unit, which one would you choose? why? 6. Interpret the ranges of optimality for the objective function coefficients. 7. Suppose that the manufacturing cost increases to $11.20 per case for model X. What is the new optimal solution? 8. Suppose that the manufacturing cost increases to $11.20 per case for model X and the manufacturing cost for model Y decreases to $5 per unit. Would the optimal solution change?
The linear programming model aims to minimize the cost of manufacturing smartphones while meeting demand constraints for two models, X and Y.
The optimal solution for the given linear programming model results in manufacturing 100 units of model X and 150 units of model Y. The optimal value of the objective function is $26,800. The binding constraints are the camera assembly time constraint and the lens manufacturing time constraint. The shadow prices for these binding constraints indicate the cost incurred or savings obtained by relaxing or tightening the constraints, respectively. If the right-hand side of one constraint were to change by one unit, the camera assembly time constraint should be chosen due to its higher shadow price.
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if the proportion of the total disposable income spent on consumer goods and services is 92.7 percent and if consumers spend 83.5 percent of each additional dollar, what is
If consumers spend 83.5 percent of each additional dollar, the marginal propensity to consume is 83.5%.
Given that the proportion of the total disposable income spent on consumer goods and services is 92.7 percent, and if consumers spend 83.5 percent of each additional dollar, it is possible to calculate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC). The MPC is the proportion of additional income that consumers spend. The MPC is calculated as the change in consumption divided by the change in income.If consumers spend 83.5 percent of each additional dollar, the marginal propensity to consume is 83.5%. This means that for every additional dollar that a consumer earns, they will spend 83.5 cents on consumer goods and services. The remaining 16.5 cents will be saved or spent on other goods and services.
The conclusion is that the marginal propensity to consume is an important concept in economics. It is used to measure the responsiveness of consumption to changes in income. The higher the MPC, the greater the effect of changes in income on consumption. When consumers have a high MPC, they are more likely to spend additional income on consumer goods and services. This can stimulate economic growth and create jobs.
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This is a Debt Coverage Ratio or DCR question for part a and a CAP rate question for part b]. Wendy is going to purchase a commercial building and is working with a commercial lender at her local bank. The bank has some loan parameters that Wendy must follow. Understanding the rules will allow her to calculate her cash, income,
Wendy is going to purchase a commercial building and is working with a commercial lender at her local bank.
The bank has some loan parameters that Wendy must follow. Understanding the rules will allow her to calculate her cash, income, and expenses.
The bank requires a debt coverage ratio (DCR) of at least 1.25. This means that Wendy's net operating income (NOI) must be at least 1.25 times her debt service. NOI is calculated by subtracting operating expenses from gross income. Debt service is the amount of money that Wendy must pay each month on her loan.
The bank also requires a capitalization rate (CAP rate) of at least 8%. This means that the property must generate at least 8% of its purchase price in NOI each year.
Wendy can use these parameters to calculate her cash flow and determine if she can afford to purchase the property. If her NOI is not at least 1.25 times her debt service, or if her CAP rate is not at least 8%, then she will not be able to get a loan from the bank.
In addition to the bank's requirements, Wendy should also consider her own personal financial situation. She should make sure that she has enough money saved for a down payment and closing costs. She should also make sure that she can afford the monthly mortgage payments.
Purchasing a commercial property is a big decision. Wendy should carefully consider all of the factors involved before making a decision
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Problem Set 5: Calculation quantity to Event meal purchase based on forecast and product yield and portion size. (5 pts) For a catering event, calculate the quantity to purchase based on portion size.
Quantity to Purchase is 25000 for the catering event.
Calculate the quantity to purchase?
To calculate the quantity to purchase for a catering event based on portion size, you need to consider the following factors:
1. Number of attendees: Determine the total number of people attending the event.
2. Portion size: Determine the desired portion size for each attendee. This could be based on industry standards, client preferences, or specific dietary requirements.
3. Product yield: Determine the yield or serving size of the food product you are purchasing. This refers to the amount of usable or edible product you can obtain from a given quantity.
Once you have this information, you can use the following formula to calculate the quantity to purchase:
Quantity to Purchase = (Number of attendees) * (Portion size) / (Product yield)
For example, let's say you have an event with 100 attendees, and you want to serve a main dish with a portion size of 200 grams per person. If the product you are purchasing has a yield of 80%, the calculation would be:
Quantity to Purchase = (100 attendees) * (200 grams) / (0.80) = 25000
25000 is the quantity of the product you need to purchase to meet the desired portion size for the event, taking into account the product yield.
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ASSIGNMENT ISSUES IN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
In this assessment you are to provide an accounting analysis
covering
the following aspects of an ASX company’s operations csl
compoany
1) An analysis of th
To perform an accounting analysis of CSL Limited, an ASX-listed company, it is essential to review their financial statements, including the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.
Analyze key areas such as liquidity, solvency, asset quality, revenue sources, profitability, expense analysis, operating cash flow, investing and financing activities. Assess the company's compliance with accounting standards and evaluate their revenue recognition and expense management practices. Additionally, examine how CSL Limited accounts for intangible assets. A comprehensive analysis requires access to the company's specific financial statements and disclosures to provide a more detailed assessment of their financial performance and accounting practices.
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Co. purchased Murgatroyd equipment on January 1, 2019, for $950,000, estimating a five-year useful life and $80,000 residual value. In 2019 and 2020, Murgatroyd depreciated the asset using the double-declining-balance method. In 2021, Murgatroyd changed to straight-line depreciation for this equipment. What depreciation would Murgatroyd record for the year 2021 on this equipment? (Do not round your depreciation rate.) a. $ 87,333. b. $104,000. c. $97,333. d. $160,000.
The depreciation recorded by Murgatroyd for the year 2021 on the equipment would be option c. $97,333.
The double-declining-balance method is an accelerated depreciation method where the asset is depreciated at a faster rate in the early years and slower in the later years. Murgatroyd used this method in 2019 and 2020.
To calculate the depreciation for 2019 and 2020, we need to determine the depreciation rate. The formula for the double-declining-balance method is:
Depreciation Rate = 2 / Useful Life
Depreciation Rate = 2 / 5 = 0.4 or 40%
Using this depreciation rate, we can calculate the depreciation expense for 2019 and 2020:
2019 Depreciation Expense = (Cost - Accumulated Depreciation) x Depreciation Rate
= ($950,000 - $0) x 0.4
= $380,000
Accumulated Depreciation at the end of 2019 = $380,000
2020 Depreciation Expense = (Cost - Accumulated Depreciation) x Depreciation Rate
= ($950,000 - $380,000) x 0.4
= $228,000
Accumulated Depreciation at the end of 2020 = $380,000 + $228,000 = $608,000
In 2021, Murgatroyd changed to straight-line depreciation. With a useful life of five years and a residual value of $80,000, we can calculate the annual straight-line depreciation expense:
Annual Depreciation Expense = (Cost - Residual Value) / Useful Life
= ($950,000 - $80,000) / 5
= $174,000
Since Murgatroyd already recorded $608,000 of accumulated depreciation by the end of 2020, the depreciation expense for 2021 would be the difference between the total depreciation and accumulated depreciation at the end of 2020:
2021 Depreciation Expense = Annual Depreciation Expense - Accumulated Depreciation at the end of 2020
= $174,000 - $608,000
= -$434,000
However, depreciation cannot be negative, so we take the absolute value:
2021 Depreciation Expense = |- $434,000|
= $434,000
Therefore, Murgatroyd would record $434,000 of depreciation expense for the year 2021 on this equipment.
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Yogajothi is thinking of investing in a rental house. The total cost to purchase the house,
including legal fees and taxes, is $230 000. All but $30 000 of this amount will be
mortgaged. He will pay $1600 per month in mortgage payments. At the end of two years,
he will sell the house and at that time expects to clear $40 000 after paying off the remaining mortgage principal (in other words, he will pay off all his debts for the house and still
have $40 000 left). Rents will earn him $2000 per month for the first year and $2400 per
month for the second year. The house is in fairly good condition now, so he doesn’t expect
to have any maintenance costs for the first six months. For the seventh month, Yogajothi
has budgeted $400. This figure will be increased by $40 per month thereafter (e.g., the
expected month 7 expense will be $400, month 8, $440, month 9, $480, etc.). If interest is
6 percent compounded monthly, what is the present worth of this investment? Given that
Yogajothi’s estimates of revenue and expenses are correct, should he buy the house? please use steps not spread sheet
To calculate the present worth of Yogajothi's investment, we need to determine the net cash flow for each period and discount them back to the present using the interest rate of 6 percent compounded monthly. Here are the steps:
Calculate the monthly mortgage payment:
The mortgage payment is given as $1600 per month.
Calculate the net cash flow from rental income:
For the first year: $2000 per month.
For the second year: $2400 per month.
Calculate the net cash flow from maintenance expenses:
For the first six months: $0.
For the seventh month: $400.
For subsequent months: Increase by $40 per month.
Calculate the net cash flow at the end of the second year:
Subtract the remaining mortgage principal ($30,000) from the expected amount cleared after selling the house ($40,000).
Determine the present worth of each cash flow:
Discount each cash flow back to the present using the interest rate of 6 percent compounded monthly.
Sum up all the present worth values to find the total present worth.
If the total present worth is positive, it indicates that the investment is profitable, and Yogajothi should consider buying the house. If the total present worth is negative, it suggests that the investment may not be financially viable.
To calculate the present worth and determine the profitability, we need additional information on the time frame (number of months) for each cash flow. Please provide the time frame, and I will assist you in completing the calculations.
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how many total minutes is the lot in the station?
In order to calculate how many total minutes the lot is in the station, we will need to first understand a few key terms and concepts .Lot – a space designated for parking Station – a place for public transportation
Total minutes – the amount of time in minutes Parking is a common way to get to a station, as it allows for commuters to leave their vehicle in a designated parking space and then walk, bike, or take public transportation to their destination. When calculating how many total minutes a lot is in the station, we need to consider the amount of time the vehicle is parked in the lot plus the amount of time it takes to get to the station and to the final destination.
For example, if a commuter parks their car in a lot for 30 minutes, walks to the station in 10 minutes, takes a train for 20 minutes, and walks from the station to their destination for 15 minutes, the total amount of time spent in the lot and station would be 75 minutes. Therefore, the answer to the question will depend on the specific situation and timing of the commuter.
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Question 18 1 Point According to the 'Job Characteristics Approach' of Job Design, a technician who has full authority to make all decisions has a high Skills Significance B) Autonomy Skills Variety Task Identity
According to the 'Job Characteristics Approach' of Job Design, a technician who has full authority to make all decisions has high Autonomy.
Autonomy refers to the level of independence and decision-making authority an individual has in performing their job. In the context of the 'Job Characteristics Approach,' autonomy is one of the core job characteristics that influence employee motivation and satisfaction. When a technician has full authority to make all decisions related to their work, they have a high level of autonomy. This means they have the freedom and discretion to choose how tasks are performed, make decisions, and take responsibility for the outcomes. High autonomy can contribute to increased job satisfaction, motivation, and a sense of ownership over the work.
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Question 1
What are the two major objectives in industrial purchasing? Select two of the four below that apply the best.
Reduce Purchasing Cost
Flexibility
Ensure Continuity of Supply
Agility
In industrial purchasing, the two major objectives are reducing purchasing cost and ensuring continuity of supply. Here is an elaboration of the two major objectives in industrial purchasing:
1. Reducing purchasing costOne of the most significant objectives of industrial purchasing is reducing purchasing cost. Industrial purchasers need to get the best possible deal from suppliers. To achieve this objective, the purchaser has to ensure that the supplier provides the highest quality products at the lowest possible cost. This involves comparing the prices of different suppliers and selecting the one that offers the best value for money. Additionally, industrial purchasers can negotiate with the supplier to get a better price.2. Ensuring continuity of supplyAnother major objective of industrial purchasing is ensuring continuity of supply. The purchasers must ensure that there is always a steady supply of goods, materials, and services to avoid disruptions in the production process. This requires building long-term relationships with suppliers, monitoring supplier performance, and developing contingency plans in case of any issues. It is important to note that this objective is equally as important as reducing purchasing cost since a disruption in supply can lead to production downtime, lost sales, and damaged relationships with customers.
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According to the MBTI, which of the following dimensions of personality looks at how individuals process information? А Introversion / Extraversion B) Thinking / Feeling C Sensing/Intuition D) Judgin
According to the MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator), the dimension of personality that looks at how individuals process information is Sensing/Intuition.
The correct option is C Sensing/Intuition
The MBTI is a psychological tool used to measure and categorize different dimensions of personality. One of the dimensions explored by the MBTI is how individuals process information. This dimension is captured by the Sensing/Intuition (S/N) dichotomy.
This dimension reflects how individuals perceive and gather information. Sensing individuals tend to rely on their five senses and focus on concrete details and facts. They prefer to work with information that is tangible and readily available. On the other hand, intuitive individuals rely more on patterns, possibilities, and abstract concepts. They are interested in the big picture and future implications rather than immediate facts.
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If financial contracts become harder to enforce, the value of
contract enforcement services will increase but there will probably
be fewer financial contracts
true or false
When routine aspects of f
The given statement "If financial contracts become harder to enforce, the value of contract enforcement services will increase but there will probably be fewer financial contracts" is true.
Financial contracts:
Financial contracts are agreements between parties to purchase or sell a financial asset in the future. They can be used to hedge, speculate, or arbitrage on a variety of financial instruments, such as stocks, bonds, or currencies. Contracts are legally enforceable and often require intermediaries to act as clearinghouses to facilitate trading and settlement.
Contract enforcement services:
Contract enforcement services are firms that specialize in the legal aspects of financial contracts. They provide a range of services, such as drafting contracts, verifying compliance, and resolving disputes. They are typically paid a fee or commission for their services.
The value of contract enforcement services will increase:
If financial contracts become harder to enforce, the value of contract enforcement services will increase because there will be a greater need for legal expertise in drafting and enforcing contracts. Parties will be more likely to seek the assistance of contract enforcement services to ensure that their contracts are legally enforceable and that disputes can be resolved efficiently.
Fewer financial contracts:
However, there will probably be fewer financial contracts overall because the increased cost and complexity of enforcement will make it more difficult and expensive to enter into agreements. Parties will be more cautious in their contracting behavior and may prefer to use simpler financial instruments that are easier to enforce. Hence, the main answer is true.
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D Question 5 The bank is paying 39.83% compounded annually. The inflation is expected to be 9.67% per year. What is the inflation free interest rate? Enter your answer as percentage, without the %6 si
Answer:
To calculate the inflation-free interest rate, we need to adjust the bank's nominal interest rate by subtracting the expected inflation rate. Here's how you can calculate it:
Explanation:
Convert the given interest rate and inflation rate into decimal form by dividing by 100:
Nominal interest rate = 39.83% = 0.3983
Inflation rate = 9.67% = 0.0967
Subtract the inflation rate from the nominal interest rate to get the inflation-adjusted or inflation-free interest rate:
Inflation-free interest rate = Nominal interest rate - Inflation rate
Inflation-free interest rate = 0.3983 - 0.0967
Inflation-free interest rate = 0.3016
Convert the inflation-free interest rate back into a percentage:
Inflation-free interest rate = 0.3016 * 100
Inflation-free interest rate = 30.16
Therefore, the inflation-free interest rate is 30.16%.
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Two independent companies, ABC Co. and XYZ Co., exchange buildings. The transaction lacks commercial substance. An appraiser was hired, and from his report and the companies' records, the following information was obtained: ABC's Building $120,000 40,000 100,000 XYZ's Building $90,000 40,000 85,000 Cost Accumulated Depreciation Fair value based upon appraisal The exchange was made, and based on the difference in appraised value, XYZ Co. paid $15,000 to АВС Со. For financial reporting purposes, XYZ Co. Should recognize a pre-tax gain on this exchange of: Select one: a. $0 b. $3,000 c. $15,000 d. $20,000 e. $35,000
First, let's calculate the book value of ABC's building:Book value = Cost - Accumulated Depreciation = $120,000 - $40,000 = $80,000Next, we will calculate the book value of XYZ's building:Book value = Cost - Accumulated Depreciation = $90,000 - $40,000 = $50,000Since there is no commercial substance in this transaction, we will consider the fair value of each building.
XYZ Co. should recognize a pre-tax gain on this exchange of $20,000. This is because the fair value of XYZ's building ($85,000) is less than its book value ($50,000), which means that XYZ Co. would have recognized a loss on disposal if the buildings were sold for cash.On the other hand, the fair value of ABC's building ($100,000) is greater than its book value ($80,000), which means that ABC Co. would have recognized a gain on disposal if the building was sold for cash.Therefore, XYZ Co. is required to recognize a gain of $20,000 on this exchange. This gain will be recognized for financial reporting purposes, and it is a pre-tax gain because it has not been adjusted for taxes.
XYZ Co. should recognize a pre-tax gain on this exchange of $20,000.
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give the why"behind choosing insights ( Empathy, Team work and
Ideation)?
It helps an individual to come up with unique solutions, and allows them to approach problems from different angles. Therefore, these insights are crucial when making a decision as they provide unique perspectives and help generate new ideas.
Choosing insights such as empathy, teamwork, and ideation are necessary in any decision-making process. It is important to understand why these insights are chosen, especially in a analysis. Empathy is an insight that should be used because it allows an individual to place themselves in someone else's shoes. This understanding leads to better decisions that are not solely based on personal biases. For teamwork, the insight should be used as it allows a team to achieve better results through brainstorming and collaboration. This process leads to different perspectives, generating new ideas and allowing for diverse opinions. Ideation, on the other hand, is an insight that focuses on problem-solving and creative thinking.
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A society is composed of 3 individuals: i, j, k. There exists 4 alternatives: A, B, C, D. Individual preferences are given by A >i B >iC>i D B >j D >j C >j > A >k B >k C>k D. For each of the methods below, find the resulting social ranking. 1.1 Start with the entire set of alternatives and count how many voters prefer each alternative the most. If one alternative is preferred the most by more individuals than any other alternative, then place this alternative at the top of the social ranking. Now consider only the set of remaining alternatives and repeat the process to find the second best alternative in the social ranking. Continue until all alternatives are ranked. First, each individual eliminates the alternative he or she prefers the least. If more than one alternative is eliminated, place last the one eliminated by more individuals. Repeat until you have ranked all alterna- tives. 1.2 1.3 With an example with three individuals, i, j, k, and three alternatives, A, B, C, show that the system in 1.2 violates Universal Domain.
According to the question 1.1 Ranking of alternatives using majority preferences:
First, we count how many voters prefer each alternative the most:
Alternative A: 1 individual (i)
Alternative B: 2 individuals (i, j)
Alternative C: 0 individuals
Alternative D: 0 individuals
Since Alternative B is preferred the most by two individuals, it is placed at the top of the social ranking.
Next, we consider the remaining alternatives (A, C, D) and repeat the process:
Alternative A: 1 individual (k)
Alternative C: 1 individual (i)
Alternative D: 1 individual (j)
Since each remaining alternative is preferred the most by one individual, we move on to the next step.
The resulting social ranking using the majority preferences is:
Alternative B
Alternative A, C, D (tie)
1.2 Ranking of alternatives by eliminating least preferred alternatives:
First, each individual eliminates their least preferred alternative:
Individual i eliminates C
Individual j eliminates D
Individual k eliminates C
Since C was eliminated by two individuals, it is placed last in the social ranking.
Next, we repeat the process with the remaining alternatives (A, B, D):
Individual i eliminates B
Individual j eliminates D
Individual k eliminates B
Since B and D were eliminated by one individual each, we consider the alternative eliminated by more individuals first. In this case, B was eliminated by two individuals, so it is placed second to last in the social ranking.
Finally, the last remaining alternative, D, is placed first in the social ranking.
The resulting social ranking by eliminating least preferred alternatives is:
Alternative D
Alternative B
Alternative A
Alternative C
1.3 Example showing violation of Universal Domain:
Let's consider a scenario where the society consists of individuals i, j, and k, and the alternatives are A, B, and C.
Individual i's preferences: A >i B >i C
Individual j's preferences: B >j C >j A
Individual k's preferences: C >k A >k B
Using the method in 1.2 (eliminating least preferred alternatives), we would proceed as follows:
Individual i eliminates C
Individual j eliminates A
Individual k eliminates B
Now, we have eliminated one alternative for each individual, but we are left with no alternatives remaining to determine a complete social ranking.
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Annual Deposit Rate of Return 3,000 2% $ 3,000 8% $ 3,000 3% 3,000 9% es Number of Years. 10 10 30 30 Investment Value at the End of Time Period $ $ $ Total Amount of Investment 0 32,849 $ 43,460 142,726 408,923 Total Amount of Earnings
The total amount of investment, earnings, and investment value at the end of the time period varies based on the annual deposit, rate of return, and number of years.
The table provided shows the results of different scenarios with varying annual deposits, rate of return, and number of years. In the first scenario, with an annual deposit of $3,000 and a 2% rate of return over 10 years, the total amount of investment remains at $0, indicating no additional contributions were made. The investment value at the end of the time period is $32,849, and the total amount of earnings is $32,849.
In the second scenario, with an annual deposit of $3,000 and an 8% rate of return over 10 years, the total amount of investment is $30,000 (10 years multiplied by the annual deposit). The investment value at the end of the time period is $43,460, and the total amount of earnings is $13,460 (investment value minus total amount of investment).
Similarly, in the third and fourth scenarios with 30 years, the total amount of investment is $90,000 (30 years multiplied by the annual deposit of $3,000). The investment value at the end of the time period is $142,726 for a 3% rate of return and $408,923 for a 9% rate of return. The total amount of earnings is calculated by subtracting the total amount of investment from the investment value at the end of the time period.
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Suppose a firm's cost function is given by C(Q) = 1,200 + 15Q + 25Q² +2Q³. Calculate the average variable cost (AVC) of producing 10 units of output.
The average variable cost (AVC) of producing 10 units of output for the given cost function is $237. The average variable cost of producing 10 units of output is $485.
To calculate the average variable cost (AVC), we need to determine the variable cost per unit of output. The variable cost includes the costs that change with the level of production. In the given cost function, we have the equation C(Q) = 1,200 + 15Q + 25Q² + 2Q³, where Q represents the quantity of output.
To find the AVC for producing 10 units of output, we first need to calculate the total variable cost (TVC) at this level. The TVC is obtained by subtracting the fixed cost from the total cost (TC). The fixed cost in this case is the constant term in the cost function, which is $1,200. Thus, the TC can be written as TC(Q) = 1,200 + 15Q + 25Q² + 2Q³.
To find the TVC, we substitute Q = 10 into the TC equation: TC(10) = 1,200 + 15(10) + 25(10)² + 2(10)³ = 1,200 + 150 + 2,500 + 2,000 = $4,850.
Finally, we calculate the AVC by dividing the TVC by the quantity of output: AVC = TVC/Q = $4,850/10 = $485.
Therefore, the average variable cost of producing 10 units of output is $485.
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