How is citric acid produced?

Answers

Answer 1

Explanation:

Mainly by submerged fermentation using Aspergillus niger or Candida sp from different sources of carbohydrates, such as molasses and starch based.


Related Questions

PLZ HELP!!! AG CLASS PLANT SYSTEMS
Which of the following defines viticulture?

A cultivation of stone fruits
B cultivation of apples
C cultivation of grapes
D cultivation of citrus

Answers

Answer:

C.Cultivation of grapes

Explanation:

That is correct

Answer:

grapes

Explanation:

no balls

Place the following events in the order they occur by listing their assigned letters in that order. A. Cas9 REC domains binds to the guideRNA B. Cas9 complex binds to dsDNA C. Cas9 complex scans dsDNA for PAM sequence D. Cas9 unwinds dsDNA E. The programmable part of the guideRNA binds to its complementary sequence F. Cas9 cuts both strands to generate a double strand break

Answers

Answer:  a, b, d, c, e, f

Explanation: The steps of Cas9 DNA recognition and cleavage goes in the following order lettered A, B, D, C, E and F. Cas9 recognizes and binds the sgRNA after which it binds to the double stranded DNA. It then unwinds and scans the dsDNA for its protospacer adjacent motif sequence (PAM) and on recognition the sgRNA binds to its complementary sequence followed by cleavage of the DNA at two points. That is how the double stranded break is created.

a. What is the diploid number of the species shown in Figure 1?
b. What is the haploid number of the species?

Answers

Answer:

I hope this helps you

Explanation:

1)This number is abbreviated as 2n where n stands for the number of chromosomes. For humans, the diploid chromosome number equation is 2n = 46 because humans have two sets of 23 chromosomes (22 sets of two autosomal or non-sex chromosomes and one set of two sex chromosomes).

2)Under normal conditions, the haploid number is exactly half the total number of chromosomes present in the organism's somatic cells. For diploid organisms, the monoploid number and haploid number are equal; in humans, both are equal to 23.

The diploid number is 2n no. of chromosomes and thus it is diploid instead of haploid.

This variety is abbreviated as 2n wherein n stands for the variety of chromosomes. For people, the diploid chromosome variety equation is 2n = 46 due to the fact that people have units of 23 chromosomes (22 units of autosomal or non-intercourse chromosomes and one set of chromosomes).Under everyday conditions, the haploid variety is precisely 1/2 of the entire variety of chromosomes gift withinside the organism's somatic cells. For diploid organisms, the monoploid variety and haploid variety are identical; in people, each is identical to 23.

What are chromosomes?

Chromosomes are thread-like systems placed in the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each chromosome is made from protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Thus it is clear that the diploid and haploid number of the species depends on the number of chromosomes.

To learn more about chromosomes refer to the link :

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7. Some plants make cones. Other plants make flowers. What is the purpose of flowers and cones?
A. They move water and food throughout the plant.
B. They hold the plant and soil so that it does not blow over in heavy winds.
C. They make seeds so that the plant can reproduce.
D. They take in water and nutrients from the soil.

Answers

Answer:

I believe the answer is C.

Explanation:

Coniferous plants (= cone bearing) carry seeds in their cones. This leads me to believe the answer is C because cones do not move water, nutrients, or hold soil.

What phase is represented in the picture below? ​

Answers

Answer:

Interphase

Explanation:

Cells grow and make a copy of the DNA

those in agriculture industry need to be particularly mindful of safety because why?​

Answers

Answer:

Many hazards are present in the farm. If the farmers are not aware of these hazards these may cause injury to their body or may cause diseases and even death. Farmer should always apply appropriate safety measures while working in the farm.

Explanation:

Activity B: Mechanical and chemical digestion Get the Gizmo ready: Click Reset and Clear screen. Build a system with a Mouth, Salivary gland, Esophagus, Pancreas, and Rectum. Introduction: Before nutrients are absorbed, they must be broken down to their simplest components. Teeth and muscular contractions in the stomach break food down into smaller particles, a process called mechanical digestion. In the meantime, powerful chemicals break down food in a process called chemical digestion. Question: How are nutrients broken down in your digestive system

Answers

Answer:

Use the website www.bartley.com !!! I has helped me a lot and its actual teachers/tutors who answer your questions in about 30 minutes ;)

Explanation:

Which type of energy transfer occurs primarily in liquids and gasses?

Answers

Answer:

Convection and conduction are the two most prominent methods of heat transfer in liquids and gases.

1. The energy stored in glucose is converted into a usable form, the energy source of all cells, ___________________ _________________ triphosphate, or ____________.
2. The equation for respiration is:
______________ + O2 -----> CO2 + H2O + ____________
3. Because oxygen is used to produce ATP, this is referred to as an _______________ process.
4. The release of energy cannot occur all at once. Too much ______ would be released inside the cells. Instead, the release of energy occurs in a series of ________________________________ small steps.
5. Plants do photosynthesis only when there is light, during the day. So, they take in _________ only during the day. But, they do respiration all the time, 24 hours a day. All living things do cellular respiration all the time or they are not alive. So, all organisms use _________, all the time.

Answers

Answer:

Adenosine diphosphate

True or False: Primary and secondary succession both end with the formation of a climax community.​

Answers

True

Have a good day

What is a recessive trait in this crossing?

Answers

Answer:

Recessive traits can be carried in a person's genes without appearing in that person. For example, a dark-haired person may have one gene for dark hair, which is a dominant trait, and one gene for light hair, which is recessive.

Explanation:

You should be familiar with the drugstore antibiotic ointment Neosporin (Triple antibiotic ointment), which is often thought of as innocuous. Based on your knowledge of antibiotics from Chapter 12 describe the mode of actions of the three antibiotics found in Neosporin (neomycin, polymyxin, and bacitracin), research their side effects, and postulate on why these three antibiotics were chosen.

Answers

Answer: Antibiotics are chemicals which, in low concentrations, can selectively kill or inhibit the growth of most pathogenic bacteria and are not harmful to humans.

Explanation:

Neosporin is a type of antibiotics which is used for the treatment or prevention of mild superficial infections. It consists of three active component, hence the name Triple antibiotic ointment. These active components, their mode of action and side effects include:

--> NEOMYCIN : This is one of the active components of Neosporin which inhibits the protein synthesis of an invading pathogenic bacteria through irreversible binding to the 30 S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria. Their MODE OF ACTION is bactericidal meaning that the effect it has on the protein synthesis inhibits it's growth leading to the death of the bacteria.

SIDE EFFECTS: it can cause irritation, burning, itching, rash redness when applied topically.

--> POLYMYXIN: This is one of the active components of neosporin which attacks the invading pathogenic gram negative bacteria. In its mode of action, is the ability to combine with and disorganise structures of the bacterial cell which are responsible for the maintenance of the osmotic equilibrium of the cell thereby exposing the underlying peptidoglycan layer to lysozyme.

SIDE EFFECTS: Burning, redness, or irritation of the skin may occur.

--> BACITRACIN: This is also one of the active components of Neosporin. In its mode of action, it inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is achieved by preventing the final dephosphorylation step in the phospholipid carrier cycle, which interferes with the mucopeptide transfer to the growing cell wall.

SIDE EFFECTS: it may cause rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat).

These three active components of Neosporin are combined to broaden the antibacterial spectrum. This means that at least one of the active components will effectively kill an invading pathogenic bacteria through its unique mode of action.

How do vaccines work?

A. They activate your immune system so that it is fighting all the pathogens that are in the
environment currently
B. They expose the immune system to a weakened or dead version of a pathogen so that
the body can build a memory of the pathogen to fight future infections.
C. They help the body fight off all the strains of one particular virus
D. They kill viruses that are currently living in the body

Answers

Answer:

B is the answer

Explanation:

This is a correct description of how a vaccine works in the body.

Humidity refers to the moisture in the air or the amount of water vapor found in the air, and it is very high in rainforests (around 80%).

Question 4 options:
True
False

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Humidity refers to the moisture in the air or the amount of water vapor found in the air, and it is very high in rainforests is True statement.

What is Humidity?

The amount of water vapor in the air is known as humidity. The humidity will be high if there is a lot of water vapor in the atmosphere. It feels wetter outside as the humidity rises.

Relative humidity is the term typically used to describe humidity in weather reports.

The amount of water vapor that is actually present in the air, represented as a percentage of the maximum amount of water vapor that the air can contain at the same temperature, is known as relative humidity.

Therefore, Humidity refers to the moisture in the air or the amount of water vapor found in the air, and it is very high in rainforests is True statement.

To learn more about Humidity, refer to the link:

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Typically, acetylation of histone tails leads to ________. Typically, acetylation of histone tails leads to ________. relaxed packaging of the chromatin and increased transcription activation of topoisomerase removal of the protein components of the chromatin from the DNA tighter packaging of the chromatin and reduced transcription increased amounts of euchromatin relative to heterochromatin

Answers

Answer:

relaxed packaging of the chromatin and increased transcription.

Explanation:

Genetics can be defined as the scientific study of hereditary in living organisms such as humans, animals and plants.

A nucleotide can be defined as an organic molecule which forms the building block of nucleic acid such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Basically, nucleotide comprises of the following parts;

1. Nitrogenous base: this includes adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) which are mainly found in the DNA while adenine (A), guanine (G), uracil (U) and cytosine (C) are found in the RNA.

2. A phosphate group.

3. A penrose sugar: it is either deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA.

The two parts or chemical components of a nucleotide which do not change throughout the structure of DNA are;

I. Five-Carbon Sugar also known as deoxyribose and it has hydrogen on its second carbon.

II. Phosphate: this is the structural backbone that provides support to DNA.

Histones are a group of highly basic proteins that are mainly associated with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the nucleus of a living organism and are responsible for condensing it to chromatin.

Typically, acetylation of histone tails leads to relaxed packaging of the chromatin and increased transcription.

Transcription can be defined as a process which typically involves re-writing the informations contained within a Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) into a Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) by enzyme RNA polymerase.

i need 2 example each for connective of tissues, Epithelial, muscle and nervous​

Answers

Answer:

Connective tissue adipose, cartilage, bone.

Epithelial epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin.

Muscle  skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.

Nervous neurons and neuroglia

How many federal agencies are responsible for managing land resources in the United States
2
4
6
10

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 4

Explanation:

Right on EDGE 2021!

For the statement "How many federal agencies are responsible for managing land resources in the United States" it is four, This is further explained below, Option 4 is correct.

To find the number of Federal agencies we need to know more about Federal agencies.

What are Federal agencies?

Federal agencies are simply defined as a one-of-a-kind government body created to address specific issues, such as a nation's security.

In conclusion, The four agencies are

The Department of Agriculture's Forest Service the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) National Park Service (NPS)

Read more about Nations

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An animal has 2 genes: 1 for tail length (T) and 1 for head shape (H). Its genotype is TtHh. What are all of the possible gametes that this organism can make?

Answers

Answer:

TH, Th, tH, th

Explanation:

This question involves two genes; one coding for tail length and the other for head shape. According to this question, an organism has the genotype: TtHh.

In accordance to the law of independent assortment, which states that alleles of one gene will segregate independently of one another. The meiotic division of the organism, will occur in such a way that only one allele of each gene is present in any GAMETE.

The possible gametes for the genotype: TtHh are: TH, Th, tH, th

2. According to the psychiatrist, what is Bill Nye obsessed with?

Answers

Answer: SCIENCE

Explanation:

BILL NYE THE SCIENCE GUY! BILL BILL BILL BILL

what goes up when the rain goes down ?​

Answers

Answer:

Umbrella goes up when rain comes down.

Answer:

UMBRELLA

Explanation:

Umbrella goes up when rain comes down.

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Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition

where the energy in food is stored until it is released

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - Mitochondria.

Explanation:

Mitochondria is the location that stores the energy in food until it is released. It is the cellular organelle that is the place where the cellular respiration process takes place.

In this organelle, the stored food is converted into a usable energy form, ATP. Mitochondria is also known as the powerhouse of the cell as it converts and releases the energy from the stored sugar or food.

Thus, the correct answer is - mitochondria.

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